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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8): 63-68.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0256

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

化肥减量配施生物有机肥对芹菜产量、品质和土壤养分的影响

刘瑜1(), 李萍1, 赵凯丽1, 闫实1, 刘继培2, 刘磊3, 郭宁1()   

  1. 1 北京市耕地建设保护中心，北京 100101
    2 大兴区种植业技术推广站，北京 102699
    3 北京市通州区农业技术推广中心，北京 101101
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-06 修回日期:2022-06-06 出版日期:2023-03-15 发布日期:2023-03-14
  • 通讯作者: 郭宁，男，1981年出生，山东东营人，正高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事土壤障碍改良与施肥技术推广工作。通信地址：100101 北京市朝阳区慧忠寺96号 北京市耕地建设保护中心，Tel：010-82078460，E-mail：guoning829@126.com。
  • 作者简介:

    刘瑜，女，1985年出生，河北保定人，高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事土壤肥料研究与推广工作。通信地址：100101 北京市朝阳区慧忠寺96号 北京市耕地建设保护中心，Tel：010-82078460，Email：。

  • 基金资助:
    现代农业产业技术体系北京市叶类蔬菜创新团队(BAIC07-2021)

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Application of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Yield, Quality and Soil Nutrients of Celery

LIU Yu1(), LI Ping1, ZHAO Kaili1, YAN Shi1, LIU Jipei2, LIU Lei3, GUO Ning1()   

  1. 1 Beijing Cultivated Land Construction and Protection Center, Beijing 100101
    2 Planting Technology Promotion Station in Daxing District, Beijing 102699
    3 Beijing Tongzhou District Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Beijing 101101
  • Received:2022-04-06 Revised:2022-06-06 Online:2023-03-15 Published:2023-03-14

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摘要：

为了探究肥料的减肥增效潜力，以期为设施芹菜安全高效生产提供数据支撑，以‘文图拉’芹菜为试验材料，采用田间小区试验，设置4个处理：常规施肥（生物有机肥4.5 t/hm2+化肥375 kg/hm2）、T1（生物有机肥减量50%+化肥减量15%）、T2（生物有机肥减量50%+化肥减量30%）、T3（不施生物有机肥+化肥减量30%），测定芹菜株高、产量、品质、养分积累和土壤理化性状指标。结果表明：（1）与农民常规施肥方式相比，T1和T2处理并未造成芹菜减产，其中T1处理产量最高，增幅为17.90%，该处理芹菜株高较高；T3处理芹菜产量降低；（2）化肥减量配施生物有机肥处理提高了肥料偏生产力，其中T2处理增幅最大；（3）化肥减量配施生物有机肥后，可以降低芹菜硝酸盐含量、提高粗纤维含量，T1处理芹菜品质优于农民常规施肥处理；（4）与农民常规施肥相比，T1和T2处理均降低了土壤pH、提高了碱解氮和速效钾含量，其中T2处理差异显著；施入生物有机肥处理的芹菜各器官养分积累量均高于未施入处理，随着化肥施用量的降低，芹菜各器官养分积累量呈现增加趋势。综合考虑产量、肥料偏生产力、品质和土壤性状，在设施芹菜种植条件下，化肥减量的基础上配施生物有机肥为安全高效施肥方式，最佳施肥量为生物有机肥2.25 t/hm2（生物有机肥减量50%）+化肥318.75 kg/hm2（化肥减量15%），但化肥减量配施生物有机肥对芹菜的长期产量和土壤效应仍需进一步验证。

关键词: 化肥减量, 生物有机肥, 产量, 品质, 土壤性状

Abstract:

To explore the potential of fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement, and provide data support for the safe and efficient production of facility celery, a field experiment was conducted with celery ‘Ventura’ as experimental material. Four treatments were set up: conventional fertilization (4.5 t/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer+375 kg/hm2 chemical fertilizer), T1 (50% reduction of bio-organic fertilizer+15% reduction of chemical fertilizer), T2 (50% reduction of bio-organic fertilizer+30% reduction of chemical fertilizer), T3 (no bio-organic fertilizer+30% reduction of chemical fertilizer). The plant height, yield, quality and nutrient accumulation of celery and soil physical and chemical properties were measured. The results are as follows. (1) Compared with conventional fertilization, T1 and T2 did not reduce the yield of celery. The yield of T1 was the highest, which increased by 17.90%, and the plant height of T1 was relatively high. The yield of T3 decreased. (2) Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with application of bio-organic fertilizer increased fertilizer partial productivity, and T2 had the largest increase. (3) Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with application of bio-organic fertilizer could significantly reduce the nitrate content and increase the crude fiber content of celery. The quality of celery in T1 was better than that in conventional fertilization treatment. (4) Compared with the conventional fertilization, T1 and T2 reduced soil pH and increased the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium, and T2 had significant differences. The nutrient accumulation of celery organs with bio-organic fertilizer application was higher than that without bio-organic fertilizer application, and the nutrient accumulation of celery organs showed an increasing trend with the decrease of chemical fertilizer application. Comprehensively considering celery yield, fertilizer partial productivity, celery quality and soil properties, under the condition of facility celery planting, the reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with application of bio-organic fertilizer is a safe and efficient way of fertilization. Under the condition of this study, the optimal amount is bio-organic fertilizer 2.25 t/hm2 (50% reduction of bio-organic fertilizer)+ chemical fertilizer 318.75 kg/hm2 (15% reduction of chemical fertilizer). However, the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with application of bio-organic fertilizer on long-term yield of celery and soil nutrients need further verification.

Key words: chemical fertilizer reduction, bio-organic fertilizer, yield, quality, soil physical and chemical properties