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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (7): 10-18.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0212

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

内蒙古自治区不同年代审定大豆品种主要农艺性状变化趋势分析

贾利敏(), 赵晓宇, 王雪娇, 苏二虎(), 李强(), 郭嘉华   

  1. 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院，呼和浩特 010031
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-23 修回日期:2022-05-12 出版日期:2023-03-05 发布日期:2023-03-15
  • 通讯作者: 李强，男，1982年出生，内蒙古巴彦淖尔人，研究员，博士，主要从事大豆遗传育种与栽培研究。通信地址：010031 内蒙古呼和浩特市玉泉区昭君路22号 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院玉米研究所，E-mail：harmerliqiang@163.com。苏二虎，男，1968年出生，内蒙古乌兰察布人，研究员，本科，从事大豆遗传育种与栽培研究。通信地址：010031 内蒙古呼和浩特市玉泉区昭君路22号 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院玉米研究所，E-mail：nmnkyseh@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    贾利敏，女，1963年出生，内蒙古乌兰察布人，研究员，硕士，主要从事大豆遗传育种与栽培研究。通信地址：010031 内蒙古呼和浩特市玉泉区昭君路22号 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院玉米研究所，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“高油、高蛋白大豆种质创新及新品种选育”(2021GG0374); 内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“大豆绿色节本提质增效栽培技术模式研究与示范”(2021GG0013); 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目“大豆优异基因资源精准鉴定及种质改良创制”(2021ZY0028); 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金面上项目“基于miRNA和mRNA共表达解析大豆响应低硼胁迫的分子机制”(2020MS03094)

Changes of Agronomic Characters, Quality and Yield of Soybean Varieties Approved in Different Years in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

JIA Limin(), ZHAO Xiaoyu, WANG Xuejiao, SU Erhu(), LI Qiang(), GUO Jiahua   

  1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031
  • Received:2022-03-23 Revised:2022-05-12 Online:2023-03-05 Published:2023-03-15

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摘要：

为明确内蒙古自治区不同年度审定大豆品种主要农艺性状的变化趋势及规律，促进内蒙古大豆育种，对2002—2020年内蒙古自治区审定的大豆品种主要农艺性状、品质和产量进行综合分析。主茎节数整体呈上升的趋势，生育日数整体变化不显著，株高、单株有效分枝数、百粒重整体呈下降的趋势。粗蛋白含量整体略有上升，粗脂肪含量呈下降趋势；审定的大豆品种中有8个高蛋白大豆品种，占总审定数的7.08%，有42个高油大豆品种，占总审定数的37.17%。2002—2020年审定的大豆品种产量整体呈逐渐上升趋势，2019年‘兴豆7号’产量达到最高的3531.0 kg/hm2。相关分析表明，各性状间存在复杂的相关性，产量与生育日数呈正相关；与株高、粗脂肪含量呈显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.298、0.274；与百粒重、主茎节数呈极显著正相关，相关系数为0.494、0.414；与单株有效分枝呈负相关，与粗蛋白含量呈显著负相关，相关系数为0.189、0.414。百粒重的提高是内蒙古自治区大豆增产的关键因素，因此，在选育大豆的过程中，应注意百粒重较高、主茎节数适中的亲本组配及后代单株的选择，同时还要重视品质，强调抗性，从而选育出适宜内蒙古自治区的高产、优质、多抗、广适大豆新品种。

关键词: 大豆, 审定品种, 农艺性状, 品质, 产量

Abstract:

To clarify the change trend and law of main agronomic characters of soybean varieties approved in different years in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and promote soybean breeding, the main agronomic characters, quality and yield of soybean varieties approved by Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2002 to 2020 were comprehensively analyzed. The number of main stem nodes showed an upward trend as a whole, the number of growth days showed no significant change as a whole, and the plant height, the number of effective branches per plant and 100-kernel weight showed a downward trend as a whole. The content of crude protein increased slightly, while the content of crude fat decreased. Among the approved soybean varieties, there were 8 high protein soybean varieties, accounting for 7.08% of the total approved number, and 42 high oil soybean varieties, accounting for 37.17% of the total approved number. The yield of soybean varieties approved from 2002 to 2020 showed a gradual upward trend, and the yield of ‘Xingdou 7’ reached the highest of 3531.0 kg/hm2 in 2019. Correlation analysis showed that there were complex correlations among the characters, and the yield was positively correlated with the number of growth days; the yield had a significantly positive correlation with the plant height and crude fat content, and the correlation coefficients were 0.298 and 0.274, respectively. The yield had a very significantly positive correlation with 100-kernel weight and the number of main stem nodes, and the correlation coefficients were 0.494 and 0.414, respectively. The yield was negatively correlated with the effective branch number per plant, and significantly negatively correlated with the crude protein content, and the correlation coefficients were 0.189 and 0.414, respectively. The increase of 100-kernel weight is the key factor to increase the yield of soybean in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Therefore, in the process of soybean breeding, attention should be paid to the combination of parents with high 100-kernel weight and moderate number of main stem nodes and the selection of individual plant of future generation. At the same time, attention should also be paid to quality and resistance, so as to select new soybean varieties with high yield, high quality, multi-resistance and wide adaptability in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Key words: soybean, approved varieties, agronomic characters, quality, yield