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中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 58-63.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0157

所属专题: 生物技术 园艺

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

化肥减量下氮磷钾肥施用时期对加工番茄产量、品质及养分吸收的影响

李亚莉1,2(), 白静2, 吴正虎2, 哈丽哈什·依巴提1, 李青军1()   

  1. 1 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
    2 塔城地区农业技术推广中心,塔城新疆 834700
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-06 修回日期:2022-06-06 出版日期:2023-02-25 发布日期:2023-02-22
  • 通讯作者: 李青军,男,1979年出生,河南新乡人,研究员,博士,研究方向:植物营养与施肥。通信地址:830091 新疆乌鲁木齐市南昌路403号 新疆农业科学院,Tel:0991-4505378,E-mail:149434766@qq.com
  • 作者简介:

    李亚莉,女,1992年出生,新疆塔城人,农艺师,硕士,研究方向:土壤肥料。通信地址:834700 新疆塔城市六合大厦 塔城地区农业技术推广中心,Tel:0901-6272720,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    天山青年计划项目“加工番茄养分协同共效调控技术研究与示范”(2018Q042)

Effects of N, P and K Application Time on Yield, Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Processing Tomato Under Chemical Fertilizer Reduction

LI Yali1,2(), BAI Jing2, WU Zhenghu2, HALIHASH Yibati1, LI Qingjun1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water Saving Agriculture, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091
    2 Tacheng Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Tacheng, Xinjiang 834700
  • Received:2022-03-06 Revised:2022-06-06 Online:2023-02-25 Published:2023-02-22

摘要:

本文研究了氮磷肥减施20%条件下,氮磷钾肥施用时期对加工番茄生长与营养状况的影响,以期为加工番茄化肥减施增效提供技术支撑。试验设5个处理,即:(1)NPK对照(CK):PK肥全部基施,全生育期追施N肥;(2)T1:NP肥减量20%,PK肥全部基施,全生育期追施N肥;(3)T2:NP肥减量20%,花期前追施NP肥,花期后追施NK肥;(4)T3:NP肥减量20%,花期前追施NK肥,花期后追施NP肥;(5)T4:NP减量20%,全生育期追施NPK肥。结果表明:各处理对加工番茄的品质没有显著差异。与对照处理相比,T2、T4处理在加工番茄的生物量、产量以及NPK的吸收量均没有达到显著差异,T2处理更优于T4处理。与CK处理相比,T1、T3处理产量分别下降11、19 t/hm2;生物量下降1.6、2.13 t/hm2;N素吸收量减少49.43、60.0 kg/hm2,P素吸收量减少8.47、12.37 kg/hm2,K素吸收量减少40.93、50.01 kg/hm2,均达到显著差异,T1处理略优于T3处理。因此,在NP肥减量20%条件下,采取花期前追施NP肥,花期后追施NK肥的施肥处理对加工番茄的品质、产量以及经济效益的减肥增效效果最佳。

关键词: 加工番茄, 氮磷钾肥, 养分吸收, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To provide technical support for reducing application and increasing efficiency of chemical fertilizers in processing tomato cultivation, the authors studied the effects of different application time of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer on the growth and nutritional status of processing tomato under the condition of reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer by 20%. A field experiment was employed with five treatments: (1) control treatment (CK), P and K were applied as basal fertilizer and N was applied in the whole growth season; (2) T1, N and P were reduced by 20%, P and K were basal applied with N was applied in the whole growth; (3) T2, N and P were reduced by 20%, N and P were applied before anthesis, while N and K were applied after anthesis; (4) T3, N and P were reduced by 20%, N and K were applied before anthesis, while N and P were applied after anthesis; (5) T4, N and P were reduced by 20%, and N, P and K were applied throughout the whole growth season. The results showed that: there was no significant difference of the quality of processed tomato among different treatments. Compared with those of CK, there was no significant difference of biomass, yield and NPK absorption of tomato of T2 and T4, but T2 was better than T4. Compared with those of CK, the yield of T1 and T3 decreased by 11 and 19 t/hm2; the biomass of T1 and T3 significantly decreased by 1.6 and 2.13 t/hm2; the N uptake significantly decreased by 49.43 and 60.0 kg/hm2; the P uptake significantly decreased by 8.47 and 12.37 kg/hm2; and the K uptake significantly decreased by 40.93 and 50.01 kg/hm2, respectively. All reached significant difference level. The effects of T1 on the growth and nutrient uptake of processing tomato were slightly better than those of T3. In summary, under the condition of reducing 20% of N and P fertilizer, applying N and P before anthesis and N and K after anthesis can play the best role in improving the quality, yield and economic benefits of processing tomato.

Key words: processing tomato, NPK fertilizer, nutrient uptake, yield, quality