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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (36): 8-13.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0007

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

改变行向对水稻冠层光能利用效率和产量的影响

苗淑杰(), 郭嫣, 杨海超, 夏可, 乔云发()   

  1. 生态与应用气象学院，南京信息工程大学，南京 210044
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-02 修回日期:2023-05-23 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2023-12-20
  • 通讯作者:
    乔云发，男，1975年出生，黑龙江人，教授，博士，硕/博士导师，主要从事土壤-植物-大气碳循环研究。通信地址：210044 江苏省南京市浦口区宁六路219号 南京信息工程大学，Tel：86-58731193，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    苗淑杰，女，1975年出生，黑龙江人，教授，博士，硕/博士导师，主要从事土壤-植物-大气碳循环研究。通信地址：210044 江苏省南京市浦口区宁六路219号 南京信息工程大学，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省农业自主创新基金“基于高光能利用率视角的水稻合理冠层构建新型栽培关键技术研发”(CX(21)3170); 江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金“江苏省典型农作物化肥农药精准减量绿色低碳施用技术研究”(BE2022425)

Influence of Row Direction on Use-efficiency of Solar Radiation in Canopy Bottom and Rice Yield

MIAO Shujie(), GUO Yan, YANG Haichao, XIA Ke, QIAO Yunfa()   

  1. School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044
  • Received:2023-01-02 Revised:2023-05-23 Published-:2023-12-20 Online:2023-12-20

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摘要：

探讨不同栽培行向对水稻光能利用率和产量的影响，以提升江苏稻区水稻光资源利用效率。以‘南粳9108’为材料，依据当地地理纬度和太阳高度角，设置水稻种植行向为常规南北行向，即磁南0o(CK)、磁南偏东30o(SE30)和磁南偏西30o(SW30)。水稻灌浆期测定冠层光辐射强度、光合特征参数，收获期测定生物量和产量。结果表明：调整行向对冠层底部光辐射强度影响显著，8:00—17:00时段，水稻冠层下部叶片接收光辐射总强度为SE30<SW30<CK，且SE30处理水稻冠层下部叶片光辐射峰值提前到11:00，而SW30处理高光辐射强度维持在12:00—16:00。SW30处理因获得较高的光辐射总强度，且高辐射强度持续时间较长，水稻冠层叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度较对照分别增加了17.3%、28.0%和34.0%，然而，SE30处理相应地降低了9.9%、10.3%和26.0%。收获后，与对照处理相比，SW30处理显著提高了水稻地上部生物量，且产量提高了10.2%，而SE30处理生物量没有明显变化，却导致产量降低了3.5%。最终，SW30处理水稻光能利用效率最高，比CK和SE30分别增加了11.2%和12.4%。综上所述，行向调整为磁南偏西30o能显著提高水稻光能利用效率，从而促进生物量积累和产量形成。可见，通过调整水稻种植行向是不增加经济投入前提下，挖掘水稻绿色高效生产潜力的有效途径。

关键词: 行向, 光辐射, 光合参数, 生物量, 产量

Abstract:

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of different row directions on use-efficiency of solar radiation in canopy bottom and rice yield for improving the utilization of light resource. ‘Nanjing 9108’ was cultivated with three row directions according to the geographical latitude and solar altitude angle as local conventional north-south direction, that was magnetic south 0o (CK), 30o from southeast (SE30), and 30o from southwest (SW30). Solar radiation intensity and photosynthetic parameters from canopy bottom were analyzed at filling stage; aboveground biomass and yield were measured at harvest. The results showed that adjusting row direction had a significantly effect on the total solar radiation intensity at the leaves of canopy bottom, which was in the order of SE30<SW30<CK from 8:00 to 17:00. The peak solar-radiation intensity on the leaves of canopy bottom in SE30 treatment was advanced to 11:00, while the higher solar radiation intensity of SW30 treatment maintained from 12:00 to 16:00. Due to the higher total radiation intensity and the longer duration of higher radiation intensity, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of rice leaves in SW30 treatment were increased by 17.3%, 28.0% and 34.0% than those in CK, respectively. However, these properties of SE30 treatment were reduced by 9.9%, 10.3% and 26.0%, accordingly. After harvest, compared to CK treatment, SW30 treatment significantly increased both aboveground biomass and yield (approximate10.0%). The SE30 treatment had no significant impact on biomass, but the yield of which was decreased by 3.5%. Finally, SW30 treatment had the highest solar radiation use-efficiency on leaves of canopy bottom, which were 11.2% and 12.4% higher than those of CK and SE30, respectively. All these indicate that the adjustment of rice row direction to 30o southwest can significantly improve the solar radiation use-efficiency of leaves located in canopy bottom, thereby promotes biomass accumulation and yield formation. Thus, adjusting rice planting direction might be a potential way to improve rice production without increasing economic input in Jiangsu Province.

Key words: row direction, solar radiation, photosynthetic parameters, biomass, yield