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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (14): 112-118.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0905

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

槐豆木虱形态特征及生物学特性的研究

梁静1,2(), 伍兴隆2, 杨晓东1,2, 孙雨1,2, 赵宇1,2, 杨清川1,2, 任洁1,2, 肖海兵1,2, 杨明禄1,2()   

  1. 1 塔里木大学农学院，新疆阿拉尔 843300
    2 南疆农业有害生物综合治理兵团重点实验室，新疆阿拉尔 843300
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-29 修回日期:2024-03-06 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2024-05-09
  • 通讯作者:
    杨明禄，男，1976年出生，山东夏津人，教授，硕士，主要从事农业昆虫与害虫防治研究。通信地址：843300 新疆阿拉尔市虹桥南路705号 塔里木大学农学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    梁静，女，1999年出生，重庆梁平人，硕士研究生，研究方向：植物保护。通信地址：843300 新疆阿拉尔市虹桥南路705号 塔里木大学农学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    新疆建设兵团财政科技计划“南疆农林有害生物公共服务平台建设”(2019DA001); 新疆维吾尔自治区财政林草专项“新疆森林、草原、湿地生态系统外来入侵物种普查”(65000022P00789110010X)

Morphological Characteristics and Biological Traits of Cyamophila willieti

LIANG Jing1,2(), WU Xinglong2, YANG Xiaodong1,2, SUN Yu1,2, ZHAO Yu1,2, YANG Qingchuan1,2, Ren Jie1,2, XIAO Haibing1,2, YANG Minglu1,2()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alaer, Xinjiang 843300
    2 Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Comprehensive Agricultural Pest Management in Southern Xinjiang, Alaer, Xinjiang 843300
  • Received:2023-12-29 Revised:2024-03-06 Published:2024-05-15 Online:2024-05-09

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摘要：

本研究旨在探讨槐豆木虱的形态特征及其生物学特性，为该害虫的综合防治提供科学依据。通过若虫蜕皮情况确定其龄期，观察并记录卵至成虫的发育历期、繁殖力及生活习性，利用体视显微镜拍照并测量各发育阶段的形态变化。结果显示，槐豆木虱卵呈纺锤形，长(362.13±3.53) µm、宽(152.06±1.61) µm，初产时呈白色，后逐渐变为橘黄色，透过卵壳可见2个红色小点；卵期(3.81±0.03) d。若虫共5龄，形态特征差异明显。1龄若虫头比腹宽，无翅芽；2龄若虫翅芽初显、较小，前后翅分离；3龄若虫翅芽明显，前后翅芽前期相接不重叠，后期重叠小部分；4龄若虫后翅被前翅重叠一半；5龄若虫前后翅大部分重叠。1~5龄若虫触角节数分别为3、4、6、8、10节，体长分别为(371.82±4.31) µm、(728.15±36.2) µm、(996.9±34.03) µm、(1271.06±24.65) µm和(2083.33±22.89) µm，发育历期分别为(3.81±0.03) d、(3.47±0.06) d、(2.13±0.06) d、(2.03±0.07) d、(2.46±0.06) d和(4.81±0.06) d。成虫触角均为10节，雌成虫尾部呈尖锥状，雄成虫尾部生殖板上翘，夏型雌成虫与雄成虫发育历期分别为(20.88±0.92) d和(28.29±1.67) d。冬型成虫稍大于夏型成虫，冬型与夏型雌成虫体长分别为(4.04±0.12) mm和(3.85±0.24) mm，雄成虫体长分别为(4.02±0.24) mm和(3.31±0.16) mm。夏型雌成虫产卵前期为(5.60±0.24) d，单雌产卵量为(647.75±52.94)粒，雌成虫产卵高峰期在羽化后的第7~14 d，占总产卵量71.2%。综上所述，槐豆木虱若虫共5龄，各龄期间翅芽的发育、触角节数及体长均有显著变化。成虫寿命及产卵期较长，世代之间存在明显的重叠现象，这些发现对于理解其生命周期和制定防治措施具有重要意义。

关键词: 槐豆木虱, 形态特征, 发育历期, 生物学特性, 繁殖力, 园林害虫

Abstract:

This study aims to delve into the morphological characteristics and biological traits of Cyamophila willieti, providing a foundational reference for integrated pest management. Using molting as the boundary for nymphal instars, we observed and recorded the developmental periods, reproductive capabilities, and behavioral patterns from egg to adult. Photographic documentation and measurements of morphological changes during each developmental stage were conducted using stereomicroscopy. The eggs of Cyamophila willieti are spindle-shaped, measuring (362.13±3.53) µm in length and (152.06±1.61) µm in width. Initially white, the eggs gradually shift to orange, revealing two red spots through the eggshell; the egg stage lasts (3.81±0.03) days. Nymphs undergo five instars with distinct morphological differences. First-instar nymphs have heads wider than the abdomens and lack wing buds; second-instar nymphs show initial and smaller wing buds, with forewings and hind wings separated; third-instar nymphs exhibit well-defined wing buds, with the anterior and posterior wing buds initially adjacent without overlapping, and later partially overlapping; fourth-instar nymphs have hind wings overlapped by half of the forewings; fifth instar nymphs display substantial overlap of both forewings and hind wings. The number of antennal segments for first to fifth instar nymphs is 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10, respectively, and body lengths are (371.82±4.31) µm, (728.15±36.2) µm, (996.9±34.03) µm, (1271.06±24.65) μm, and (2083.33±22.89) µm, with developmental periods for these instars are (3.81±0.03) days, (3.47±0.06) days, (2.13±0.06) days, (2.03±0.07) days, (2.46±0.06) days, and (4.81±0.06) days, respectively. Adults have ten antennal segments, with females having a tapered posterior end and males having an upturned reproductive plate. The developmental periods for summer-type females and males are (20.88±0.92) days and (28.29±1.67) days, respectively. Over wintering adults are slightly larger than summer counterparts. Summer and winter females measure (4.04±0.12) mm and (3.85±0.24) mm, respectively, while males measure (4.02±0.24) mm and (3.31±0.16) mm. The pre-oviposition period for summer-type females are (5.60±0.24) days, with an individual laying an average of (647.75±52.94) eggs. The peak oviposition period occurs between days 7 and 14 after emergence, constituting 71.2% of the total egg production. Cyamophila willieti nymphs undergo five instars, each characterized by distinct wing bud development, antennal segment count, and body length changes. The adult lifespan and oviposition period are longer, with a significant occurrence of overlapping generations.

Key words: Cyamophila willieti, morphological characteristics, developmental period, biological traits, reproductive capacity, ornamental plant pest