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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (28): 76-82.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0248

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

云浮市象窝山野生茶树种质资源调查与分析

王秋霜1(), 李波1(), 梁建球2, 秦丹丹1, 王青1, 吴华玲1()   

  1. 1 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所/广东省茶树资源创新利用重点实验室，广州 510640
    2 广东翔顺象窝禅茶有限公司，广东云浮 527400
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-08 修回日期:2024-08-07 出版日期:2024-10-05 发布日期:2024-09-29
  • 通讯作者:
    吴华玲，女，1981年出生，江西人，研究员，博士，主要从事茶树资源与育种研究。通信地址：510640 广东省广州市天河区大丰路6号 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所，Tel：020-38272712，E-mail：。
    李波，男，1984年出生，广东人，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事茶树资源与育种研究。通信地址：528010 广东省清远市英德市英红镇坑口咀，Tel：0763-2500425，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王秋霜，女，1978年出生，黑龙江人，研究员，博士，研究方向为茶树资源与育种。通信地址：510640 广东省广州市天河区大丰路6号 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所，Tel：020-87563425，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1601300); 新兴县茶叶产业园科技研发项目(YFJZ22GK019); 广东省驻镇帮镇扶村农村科技特派员项目“茶树新品种引进及配套技术示范推广”(KTP20210176); 清远科技计划项目“高花青素茶树新品种及配套技术示范应用”(2023KJJ008); 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项项目“红茶品种改良”(CARS-19); 江门科技特派员项目“川岛白云野生茶树新品种创新利用”(2023760100380008177)

Investigation and Analysis of Wild Tea Tree Germplasm Resources in Xiangwo Mountain of Yunfu

WANG Qiushuang1(), LI Bo1(), LIANG Jianqiu2, QIN Dandan1, WANG Qing1, WU Hualing1()   

  1. 1 Tea Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Innovative Utilization of Tea Tree Resources in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640
    2 Guangdong Xiangshun Xiangwo Zen Tea Co., Ltd., Yunfu, Guangdong 527400
  • Received:2024-04-08 Revised:2024-08-07 Published:2024-10-05 Online:2024-09-29

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摘要：

对30份云浮新兴象窝山野生茶树种质资源开展调查，从主要农艺性状、品质成分及适制性状况进行评价，旨在挖掘象窝山野生茶树种质资源，为当地茶树新品种选育和优化改良提供实践基础。结果表明，象窝山茶树资源17个主要生化指标的变异系数为9.01%~36.94%，其中变异系数最大为可可碱、最小为水浸出物，说明茶树资源的丰富性非常高。理化5项指标中变异系数最大为可溶性糖(20.28%)，最小为水浸出物(9.01%)。酚氨比在5.25~6.92之间，变异系数为13.69%。感官审评结果表明，云南大叶和水仙群体春季红茶外形整体乌润、紧结、多毫，香气鲜尚高，滋味浓厚回甘，均分为92.11；部分同样原料制成的夏季绿茶，外形多为黄绿、紧结、白毫较多、匀整，汤色黄绿明亮，香气栗香鲜尚高，滋味浓厚甘爽，均分为88.78。云南大叶群体中CXY14、CXY15、CXY17较其他单株制成的红茶品质更好，新兴小叶中CXX4、云南大叶中CXY12制作绿茶的品质好于其他单株资源，CXY4则是红绿茶兼制的一个综合性茶树资源，以上资源有望发展成新兴地区优良的茶树品种。

关键词: 云浮新兴, 象窝山, 野生茶树资源, 变异系数, 农艺性状, 品质评价

Abstract:

This study investigated 30 wild tea tree germplasm resources in Xiangwo mountain of Yunfu from the primary agronomic characteristics, quality components, and suitability status. The aim of this study was to explore and utilize the wild tea tree germplasm resources in Xiangwo mountain, and lay the groundwork for breeding and improvement of local new tea tree cultivars. Results indicated that the coefficient of variation (CV) of the 17 key biochemical indicators of Xiangwo tea resources ranged from 9.01% to 36.94%, suggesting a high diversity of tea tree resources. The theobromine exhibited the highest CV, while water extract showed the lowest. Among the five physical and chemical indicators, soluble sugar demonstrated the highest CV at 20.28%, whereas water extract had the lowest CV (9.01%). The phenol-to-amino acid ratio varied from 5.25 to 6.92, with a CV of 13.69. Sensory evaluation showed that black teas produced from Yunnan Daye and Shuixian group in spring had dark, tight shapes with abundant trichomes, fresh and relatively high aroma, thick and lingering sweet tastes, with an average score of 92.11. On the other hand, part of green teas produced in summer using the same tea materials had tight, yellow-green appearance with more trichome, bright yellow-green color of the tea soup, high chestnut aroma, and thick, robust taste with a sweet and fresh note, scoring an average of 88.78. The quality of black teas produced from CXY14, CXY15, and CXY17 in Yunnan large leaf group surpasses that of other individual tea plants. Similarly, the green teas made from CXX4 in Xinxing small leaves and CXY12 in Yunnan large leaves were better than other tea plant resources. Particularly, CXY4 represents a versatile tea tree resource suitable for producing both black and green teas. These tea resources have the potential to evolve into superior tea varieties in the Xinxing region.

Key words: Xinxing of Yunfu, Xiangwo mountain, wild tea resources, coefficient of variation, agronomic traits, quality evaluation