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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (20): 148-160.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0431

• 工程·机械·水利·装备 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同矿质滤石对鱼菜共生系统水质净化及生物生长的影响

徐浩1(), 周小平2, 马雪莲3, 摆志强4, 谷世友1, 安磊5, 郭彦英6, 叶林1()   

  1. 1 宁夏大学葡萄酒与园艺学院， 银川 750021
    2 宁夏农村科技发展中心， 银川 750021
    3 银川市兴庆区掌政镇农业综合服务中心， 银川 750021
    4 西吉县农业机械化技术推广服务中心， 宁夏固原 756200
    5 宁夏职业技术学院， 银川 750021
    6 银川市金凤区自然资源局， 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-27 修回日期:2026-09-18 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-10-26
  • 通讯作者:
    叶林，男，1977年出生，内蒙古阿拉善左旗人，教授，博士生导师，主要从事农业工程和设施园艺研究。通信地址：750021 宁夏回族自治区银川市西夏区文萃北街216号 宁夏大学葡萄酒与园艺学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    徐浩，男，1999年出生，山东临沂人，硕士，研究方向：设施园艺。通信地址：750021 宁夏回族自治区银川市西夏区文萃北街216号 宁夏大学葡萄酒与园艺学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目“宁夏中部旱区‘光伏+设施农业’高效生产体系构建与应用示范”(2023BCF01022); 国家重点研发计划项目“乡村产业共性关键技术研发与集成应用”(2021YFD1600300); 宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目“设施高端瓜菜新品种创制及宜机化轻简高效栽培模式创新与应用”(2023BCF01042)

Effects of Different Mineral Filter Stones on Water Quality Purification and Organism Growth in Aquaponics Systems

XU Hao1(), ZHOU Xiaoping2, MA Xuelian3, BAI Zhiqiang4, GU Shiyou1, AN Lei5, GUO Yanying6, YE Lin1()   

  1. 1 College of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
    2 Ningxia Rural Science and Technology Development Center, Yinchuan 750021
    3 Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center of Zhangzheng Town, Xingqing District, Yinchuan 750021
    4 Agricultural Mechanization Technology Promotion and Service Center of Xiji County, Guyuan, Ningxia 756200
    5 Ningxia Polytechnic, Yinchuan 750021
    6 Natural Resources Bureau of Jinfeng District, Yinchuan 750021
  • Received:2026-05-27 Revised:2026-09-18 Published:2026-10-25 Online:2026-10-26

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摘要：

为了满足鱼菜共生系统中对高效生物滤材的需求，本研究构建“鲫鱼-生菜”闭环鱼菜共生系统，设置火山石(T1)、沸石(T2)、麦饭石(T3)、陶粒(T4)和混合石(T5)5种矿质滤石处理，探究不同矿质滤石对水质指标、生菜生长以及鲫鱼生长性能的影响，并结合滤材孔隙结构与化学成分，解析其作用机制。结果表明：与其他滤材相比，火山石组(T1)处理在水质净化方面表现最为突出，其氨氮浓度降至0.70 mg/L，亚硝酸盐浓度最低，溶解氧均值高达7.64 mg/L。该处理显著促进了生菜根系发育，生菜根长和根体积分别达到375.06 cm和13.47 cm3，净光合速率达16.32 μmol/(m2·s)，最终产量为35674 kg/hm2，均显著优于其他处理。同时，火山石组鲫鱼增重达147.67 g，血清谷草转氨酶(AST)值显著降低至392.20 U/L，表明肝脏健康状况良好。沸石组(T2)试验末期总磷浓度最低为4.52 mg/L，但氨氮累积达1.35 mg/L，导致鲫鱼AST升至753.03 U/L，提示存在一定生理应激。麦饭石组(T3)显著提高生菜可溶性蛋白含量至29.18 mg/g，鲫鱼健康指标保持良好。混合滤石组(T5)未表现出优于单一滤材的协同效应。总之，火山石因其高孔隙率和比表面积，为微生物附着和氮素转化提供了理想载体，在改善水质、促进生菜生长和维持鲫鱼健康方面总体表现最佳。本研究证实火山石可作为鱼菜共生系统的高效生物滤材，并为西北干旱半干旱地区发展节水型设施农业的发展提供参考。

关键词: 鱼菜共生系统, 矿质滤石, 水质净化, 生菜增产, 鲫鱼健康

Abstract:

To meet the demand for high-performance biofilter media in aquaponics systems, a closed-loop aquaponics system was established with 5 treatments: volcanic stone (T1), zeolite (T2), maifan stone (T3), ceramsite (T4), and mixed stones (T5). The impact of these media on water quality indicators, lettuce growth, and fish performance was analyzed, and the underlying mechanisms were explored in relation to the pore structure and chemical composition of the materials. The results indicated that the volcanic stone group (T1) significantly optimized water quality compared to other media. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen decreased to 0.70 mg / L, the concentration of nitrite was the lowest, and the average dissolved oxygen was as high as 7.64 mg / L. In T1, lettuce root length (375.06 cm) and root volume (13.47 cm3) increased significantly, the net photosynthetic rate reached 16.32 μmol/(m2·s), and the yield was 35674 kg/hm2, all of which were higher than that of other treatments. Furthermore, the crucian carp in T1 achieved a weight gain of 147.67 g, and the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level significantly decreased to 392.20 U/L. In contrast, while the zeolite group (T2) showed the lowest total phosphorus at the end of the experiment (4.52 mg/L), its ammonia nitrogen accumulated to 1.35 mg/L, leading to physiological stress in the fish with AST levels rising to 753.03 U/L. The maifan stone group (T3) significantly increased the soluble protein content of lettuce to 29.18 mg/g and maintained good health indicators in the fish. The mixed stone group (T5) did not demonstrate the expected synergistic advantages. In conclusion, volcanic stone performs best overall in improving water quality, promoting lettuce growth, and maintaining fish health, and its high porosity and specific surface area facilitate microbial attachment and nitrogen transformation, making it a highly efficient biological filter medium for aquaponics systems. These findings provide a valuable reference for the development of water-saving facility agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions.

Key words: aquaponics system, mineral filter stone, water purification, lettuce yield increase, fish health

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