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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2011, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (7): 59-62.

所属专题： 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

秭归县玉米产量及施肥现状调查与分析

徐祥玉 彭成林 袁家富 赵书军 韩庆忠 向琳 王功明 杜江   

  • 收稿日期:2010-08-24 修回日期:2010-09-30 出版日期:2011-04-05 发布日期:2011-04-05

Investigation and analysis on Maize yield and fertilizer actuality in Zigui county

  • Received:2010-08-24 Revised:2010-09-30 Online:2011-04-05 Published:2011-04-05

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摘要：

对秭归县玉米产量和施肥现状进行了调查。结果表明，秭归县玉米主栽区普遍使用一定比例的农家肥，化肥以尿素和复合肥为主，复合肥以25%养分含量复合肥为主，其中10-7-8的复合肥占比例较大。氮最低用量为156 kg/hm2，最高为320.25 kg/hm2，平均施氮量234.4 kg/hm2。基肥氮占总氮19.45%~52.08%，平均37.2%，苗期追施氮占总氮18.71%~43%，平均26.67%，灌浆期（穗肥）追施氮占总氮26.93%~47.23%，平均36.1%。氮磷钾使用比例为N:P2O5:K2O=1:(0.13~0.43):(0.13~0.43)，平均N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.23:0.26。产量在4350~7200 kg/hm2情况下磷钾肥用量与产量之间达到极限著正相关；产量在7800~8250 kg/hm2情况下各个时期使用的氮肥与产量呈显著正相关。此次调查显示氮肥施用量基本合理，磷钾肥用量稍显不足，可通过适当提高磷钾肥用量增产。

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Abstract:

The maize yields and fertilizer actuality of Zigui county were investigation and analysis. The results showed that employed proportion farmyard manure was very universality in main maize production region of Zigui county, Yichang. The fertilizer by mainly consists of urea and compound manure, and compound manure by mainly consists of 25% nutrient content and that the 10-7-8 was dominate. N application lowest was 156 kg/hm2, and the highest was 320.25 kg/hm2, the average N application was 234.4 kg/hm2. Rate of ground N fertilizer from 19.45% to 56.08%, and average rate was 37.2%. N fertilizer at seeding stage rate from 18.71% to 43.0%, average rate was 26.67%, heading dressing rate from 26.93% to 47.23%, average rate was 36.1%. Proportion of NPK was 1:(0.13-0.43):(0.13-0.43), average ratio was 1:0.23:0.26. There had positive correlation markedly in application rate of P, K and maize yield in 4350-7200 kg/hm2, and in N application rates of every stage and maize yield in 7800-8250 kg/hm2.This investigations shows that N application rate was reasonable in essence, and the application rate of phosphorus and potassium was slightly deficiency, to increase the yield of maize by enhance the rate of phosphorus and potassium reasonable.