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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2012, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (27): 94-98.

所属专题： 水稻

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

快腐剂处理还田早稻秸秆对晚季土壤化学与生物学特性的影响

易镇邪 符呈祥 褚百凤 付红 陈冬林 周文新 屠乃美   

  • 收稿日期:2011-11-15 修回日期:2012-04-08 出版日期:2012-09-25 发布日期:2012-09-25
  • 基金资助:

    国家“十五”粮食丰产科技工程项目

Effect of Treating Returned Early Rice Straw by Decomposition Accelerant on Soil Chemical and Biological Characteristics in Late Season

  • Received:2011-11-15 Revised:2012-04-08 Online:2012-09-25 Published:2012-09-25

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摘要：

为了给水稻秸秆快腐剂处理技术提供理论依据，通过大田试验方法，在湖南长沙双季稻田研究了2种快腐剂（腐秆灵、腐解菌）处理早稻还田秸秆对晚稻田土壤化学与生物学特性的影响。结果表明：与未经处理的秸秆还田处理相比，秸秆快腐剂处理对土壤养分含量具有显著影响，主要表现为提高土壤全N含量和速效K含量（齐穗期之前），降低土壤碱解氮含量；秸秆快腐剂对土壤主要酶活性具有明显影响，但这种影响与土壤酶种类、快腐剂种类及水稻生育时期有关；水稻齐穗前快腐剂处理微生物活度低于对照，而齐穗后显著高于对照；秸秆快腐剂影响土壤微生物数量，整体表现是真菌数量减少，细菌数量增加，而放线菌数量变化与快腐剂种类有关，腐解菌处理增加而腐秆灵处理减少。2种秸秆快腐剂比较，腐解菌在提高土壤主要酶活性、提高微生物活度、提高土壤养分含量等方面均优于腐秆灵，从而为提高水稻产量打下了基础。

关键词: 草地, 草地, 草地蝗虫, 种类, 危害特点

Abstract:

To provide theoretical basis for rice straw processing technique by decomposition accelerant, effects of treating returned early rice straw by two types of decomposition accelerant, Fuganling and straw-decomposition microbe, on soil chemical and biological characteristics in late rice stage were studied in double rice field in Changsha, Hunan. The main results showed that: Soil nutrients contents were significantly affected by straw-decomposition accelerant (SDA), which mainly showed in increase of soil total N and available K before fully heading and decease of soil available N. SDA evidently affected enzyme activity in soil, while it was related to type of enzyme, type of decomposition accelerant and growth stage of rice. Compared to control, microbial activity in SDA treatments was lower before fully heading, while it was significantly higher after fully heading. Quantity of bacterium was increased, while quantity of epiphyte was decreased. Quantity of actinomycete was increased in straw-decomposition microbe treatment, while it was decreased in Fuganling treatment. Compare to Fuganling, the effects of straw-decomposition microbe on improving activities of soil main enzyme, activities of microbes and soil nutrient content were better.