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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2013, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 154-159.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0641

所属专题： 玉米； 农业气象

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

轮耕对豫南雨养区夏玉米叶片衰老代谢及产量的影响

顾顺芳 王振华 张新 张前进 郭书亚 张权 焦念元 尹飞 付国占   

  • 收稿日期:2012-02-29 修回日期:2012-03-27 出版日期:2013-02-25 发布日期:2013-02-25
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划粮食丰产工程项目(2006BAD02A07-3， 2011BAD16B07)。

Effects of Rotational Tillage on Senescence Metabolism of Leaf and Yield in Summer Maize in Rain Fed Regions of Southern Henan

  • Received:2012-02-29 Revised:2012-03-27 Online:2013-02-25 Published:2013-02-25

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摘要： 为了寻求豫南雨养区适宜的土壤耕作制度，秸秆处理方式设连续4年秸秆覆盖还田与秸秆清除2个处理，土壤耕作方式设4年间隔深松、4年免耕、3年深松+1年免耕和3年免耕+1年深松4个处理，共8个处理组合，研究秸秆处理和基本土壤耕作方式对夏玉米生育后期叶片衰老代谢及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明，秸秆覆盖还田和连续3年深松基础上免耕、连续3年免耕基础上深松处理，可以提高玉米穗位叶叶绿素含量和SOD、POD、CAT活性，降低MDA含量，延缓衰老进程，提高花后干物质生产量、经济系数和籽粒产量。秸秆覆盖还田比不盖还田产量平均提高10.68%；3年深松后1年免耕比4年深松平均增产2.60%；3年免耕后1年深松比4年免耕增产4.21%；秸秆覆盖还田结合3年深松后1年免耕比4年免耕秸秆不还田增产23.32%。多因素方差分析表明，秸秆处理方式和耕作方式及其两者的互作对产量都有显著影响。

关键词: ‘KRK26’, ‘KRK26’

Abstract: The research was conducted on the effect of two single practices, including soil tillage and straw management, on the leaf senescence in the late growth stage of summer maize and grain yield in order to find a suitable integrated system in rain fed area of southern Henan. Eight treatments were from the combination of four-year interval subsoiling, three-year subsoiling followed by no-tillage, three-year no-tillage followed by subsoiling and four-year no-tillage with the straw mulching and clearance for four years. The results showed that, rotational tillage measures of three-year subsoiling followed by no-tillage and three-year no-tillage followed by subsoiling with straw mulching increased chlorophyll content, SOD, POD and CAT activities of ear leaves in the maize, decreased MDA content, and the aging process of maize leaves was slowed down, increased the biomass produced after anthesis, economic coefficient and grain yield. The yield increased by 10.68% with straw mulching treatment compared with no straw mulching; the yield of three-year subsoiling followed by no-tillage was increased by 2.60% compared with four-year subsoiling. Three-year no-tillage followed by subsoiling was increased by 4.21% compared with four-year no-tillage. The yield of three-year subsoiling followed by no-tillage with straw mulching was increased by 23.32% compared with four-year no-tillage with no straw mulching. Multi factor variance analysis showed that straw mulching treatments, tillage methods and their interaction had significant effects on the yield of summer maize.