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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2013, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 54-58.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0844

所属专题： 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物质可降解地膜的田间降解过程及其对玉米生长的影响

康虎 敖李龙 秦丽珍 苏海佳   

  • 收稿日期:2012-03-12 修回日期:2012-04-11 出版日期:2013-02-25 发布日期:2013-02-25
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(20876008, 21076009)； 教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-100212)。

Effects of Biodegradable Mulch Film by Reusing Biomass Residue on Degradation in Field and Corn Growth

  • Received:2012-03-12 Revised:2012-04-11 Online:2013-02-25 Published:2013-02-25

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摘要： 为了有效解决农业白色污染和固体废弃物处理问题，通过使用实验室自制生物质可降解地膜进行了田间覆膜试验，研究了生物质可降解地膜的田间降解过程及其对玉米生长的影响。结果表明：生物质降解地膜的降解过程为首先出现裂纹，然后出现孔洞，最后出现裂缝，中间伴随着地膜变脆，变薄，膜表面出现黑霉的过程，经过120天的降解，地膜的失重率达到69%~73%，SEM照片显示降解地膜表面发生明显变化。在玉米生长的前期和中期，生物质降解地膜具有良好的保温和保墒作用，保温效果可维持50天左右，保墒作用可维持70天左右，均能满足农作物生长期的需要。生物质降解地膜富含多种有机质和营养元素，有利于玉米的生长，可以提高玉米产量8%左右。说明生物质降解地膜降解性良好并可显著促进玉米生长。

关键词: 发育历期, 发育历期

Abstract: To solve the problems of plastic pollution in environment and biomass residue disposal, we carried on the coated experiment using the biodegradable mulch film by reusing biomass residue. In this experiment the effect of biodegradable mulch film on corn growth and its degradation in field was studied. The results showed that, the degradation of mulch films started with small cracks, then the small holes growing, and finally broken down to a lot of pieces at crop harvest stage. During the degradation, the film would be more brittle and thinner, and the black mould would be appeared in the film surface. After 120 days, the weight loss of the film was about 69%-73%. Observation of SEM revealed that the surface of biodegradable mulch films had obvious flaw at this time. At early and middle stage of corn growth, biodegradable mulch films had obvious effect on heat and moisture preservation. The heat preservation could last about 50 days, and the moisture effect could last about 70 days. The degradable mulch films were rich in nutrients, and the films could improve corn yields. This experiment showed that, the degradable mulch films were good in degradation and could promote the growth of corn.