木醋液对桃蚜生长繁殖的急慢性效应

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0593

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (18): 147-152.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0593

所属专题：植物保护

木醋液对桃蚜生长繁殖的急慢性效应

于慧龄¹(), 叶乐夫², 王雪², 徐臻¹, 冯新雨¹, 马田园¹, 付雪¹()

¹黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨 150080
²东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨 150030

收稿日期:2020-10-26 修回日期:2021-02-19 出版日期:2021-06-25 发布日期:2021-07-13
通讯作者: 付雪
作者简介:于慧龄,女,1996年出生,黑龙江绥化人,硕士,研究方向：农业昆虫与害虫防治。通信地址：150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,Tel：0451-86609487,E-mail： 15124600198@163.com。
基金资助:
黑龙江大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目“木醋液对朱砂叶螨的防效”(201910212033);黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费基础研究项目“北方寒地异色瓢虫辅助越冬增强早春控害功能的研究”(KJCX201820);东北农业大学学术骨干项目“寒地黑土害虫自然天敌时空异质性研究”(518501)

Wood Vinegar: Acute and Chronic Effects on the Growth and Reproduction of Myzus persicae

Yu Huiling¹(), Ye Lefu², Wang Xue², Xu Zhen¹, Feng Xinyu¹, Ma Tianyuan¹, Fu Xue¹()

¹College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
²College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030

Received:2020-10-26 Revised:2021-02-19 Online:2021-06-25 Published:2021-07-13
Contact: Fu Xue

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确木醋液对桃蚜短、长期影响,以桃蚜为试虫,用100倍稀释木醋液处理小白菜饲养蚜虫,测得桃蚜繁殖发育数据。结果显示,木醋液处理显著缩短桃蚜繁殖期,而F₁代繁殖期比F₀代繁殖期延长37%;F₀代和F₁代产蚜总量与对照组相比分别降低62%和66%;处理组F₁代和F₂代的存活率比对照组降低23%和24%,但F₁代和F₂代之间差异不显著;F₁代寿命缩短25%,F₂代差异不显著。本研究证明木醋液能够缩短桃蚜的繁殖期,延长其若蚜历期,整体缩短桃蚜寿命,降低子代存活率。总之,木醋液对桃蚜的生长发育和繁殖具有一定的抑制作用,但是这种抑制作用会随着施用频次增加而逐渐减弱,即木醋液的短期效应和长期效应存在差异,所以木醋液具有开发为生物农药的价值。

关键词: 桃蚜, 木醋液, 繁殖期, 发育历期, 存活率

Abstract:

To determine the short-term and long-term effects of wood vinegar on peach aphid, the aphid was treated with 100 times diluted wood vinegar solution on Chinese cabbage, and the reproduction and development data of the peach aphid were measured. The results showed that wood vinegar treatment significantly shortened the reproductive period of peach aphid, and the reproductive period of F₁ generation was 37% longer than that of F₀ generation. Compared with the control group, the total aphid individuals produced in F₀ generation and F₁ generation were decreased by 62% and 66%, respectively. The survival rate of F₁ and F₂generation in treatment group was 23% and 24% lower than that of control group, but there was no significant difference between F₁ and F₂ generation. The lifespan of F₁ generation was reduced by 25%, while the difference of F₂ generation was not significant. This study proved that wood vinegar could shorten the reproduction period, prolong the duration of the nymph aphid, shorten the life span of the peach aphid, and reduce the survival rate of the progeny. In conclusion, wood vinegar has certain inhibitory effect on the growth and reproduction of peach aphid, but this inhibitory effect will gradually weaken with the increase of application frequency, that is, the short-term and long-term effects of wood vinegar are different, so wood vinegar has the development value as a biological pesticide.

Key words: Myzus persicae, wood vinegar, reproduction period, developmental period, survival rate

中图分类号:

S433.3

于慧龄, 叶乐夫, 王雪, 徐臻, 冯新雨, 马田园, 付雪. 木醋液对桃蚜生长繁殖的急慢性效应[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(18): 147-152.

Yu Huiling, Ye Lefu, Wang Xue, Xu Zhen, Feng Xinyu, Ma Tianyuan, Fu Xue. Wood Vinegar: Acute and Chronic Effects on the Growth and Reproduction of Myzus persicae[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(18): 147-152.

图/表 7

图1. 不同浓度的木醋液对桃蚜成蚜的毒杀作用

图2. 不同处理桃蚜F0和F1代繁殖期的比较（平均值±标准误）不同大写字母表示不同世代间的差异达到显著水平,不同小写字母表示不同处理间的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)

图3. 不同处理桃蚜F0代(a)和F1代(b)产蚜量的比较（平均值±标准误）

图4. 不同处理桃蚜F0和F1代繁殖总量（平均值±标准误）不同大写字母表示不同世代间的差异达到显著水平,不同小写字母表示处理与对照间的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)

世代	处理	发育历期/d
世代	处理	1龄	2龄	3龄	4龄	若蚜期
F₁	对照	1.10±0.10Aa	1.40±0.16Aa	1.00±0.00Aa	1.00±0.00Aa	4.50±0.17Ba
F₁	木醋液处理	1.20±0.13Aa	1.20±0.13Aa	1.14±0.38Aa	1.29 ±0.18Aa	4.80±0.13Ab
F₂	对照	1.10±0.10Aa	1.10±0.10Aa	1.00±0.00Aa	1.00±0.00Aa	4.20±0.13Bb
F₂	木醋液处理	1.30±0.16Aa	1.40±0.16Aa	1.14±0.38Aa	1.29±0.18Aa	5.20±0.13Aa

表1. 不同处理菜蚜F1代和F2代若蚜发育历期（平均值±标准误）

图5. 不同处理菜蚜F1代和F2代存活率比较（平均值±标准误）不同大写字母表示不同世代间的差异达到显著水平,不同小写字母表示不同处理间的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)

图6. 不同处理桃蚜F1和F2代寿命（平均值±标准误）不同大写字母表示不同世代间的差异达到显著水平,不同小写字母表示不同处理间的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)

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木醋液对桃蚜生长繁殖的急慢性效应

Wood Vinegar: Acute and Chronic Effects on the Growth and Reproduction of Myzus persicae

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