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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (28): 85-89.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050045

所属专题： 园艺

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

木醋液熏蒸对大棚土壤及西瓜生长的影响

张文丽1, 范丽2, 林启美3, 李贵桐3, 赵小蓉3   

  1. 1.中国农业大学资源与环境学院;2.成都土壤肥料测试中心;3.中国农业大学资源与环境学院,100193
  • 收稿日期:2018-05-10 修回日期:2018-09-15 接受日期:2018-09-25 出版日期:2019-10-14 发布日期:2019-10-14
  • 通讯作者: 林启美
  • 基金资助:
    国家十三五重点研发项目“河套平原盐碱地生态治理关键技术研究与集成示范”(2016YFC0501306-02)。

Fumigation with Wood Vinegar: Effects on Soil and Watermelon Growth in Greenhouse

  • Received:2018-05-10 Revised:2018-09-15 Accepted:2018-09-25 Online:2019-10-14 Published:2019-10-14

PDF (PC)

253

摘要： 摘 要：木醋液是生物质热裂解过程中的烟气液化而形成的液体，作为土壤熏蒸剂的作用与效果目前还没有数据。本研究将不同量木醋液喷施于大棚土壤，并以溴甲烷为对照，观测其抑菌作用及其对西瓜生长的影响。结果表明：喷施750~3000 kg/hm2木醋液，土壤pH值降低了0.10~0.31个单位，矿质氮无显著的变化，可培养细菌、真菌和放线菌分别提高了101%~132%、38%~204%和10%~58%，而镰孢菌和疫霉菌分别降低了64%~316%和12%~38%。比起溴甲烷，木醋液尽管对土壤微生物区系的负面影响很小，但杀灭病原菌的作用不仅很微弱，且时效也很短；还可能抑制土壤有机氮矿化，降低土壤矿质氮含量，施用量过大会降低西瓜产量，显然，木醋液作为设施大棚土壤熏蒸剂的价值很低。

关键词: 农业机械, 农业机械, 颗粒肥, 深施, 挖坑施肥

Abstract: Abstract:Wood vinegar is a substance formed from the liquefaction of flue gas during biomass pyrolysis process. Currently, there are no data about the roles of wood vinegar as a soil fumigant. We sprayed different volumes of wood vinegar on soil in greenhouse, took methyl bromide as a control to observe its antibacterial activity and effect on watermelon growth. The results showed that: soil pH value reduced by 0.10-0.31 units, while mineral nitrogen had no significant change with spraying 750-3000 kg/hm2 wood vinegar; in addition, the amounts of culturable bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes increased by 101%-132%, 38%-204% and 10%-58%; both Fusarium and Phytophthora reduced by 64%-316% and 12%-38%, respectively. Compared with methyl bromide, wood vinegar had weaker and shorter impacts on pathogens though having less negative effect on soil microflora; moreover, nitrogen mineralization might be partially inhibited and thus induced low content of soil mineral nitrogen; spraying too much wood vinegar would reduce the yield of watermelon. In conclusion, wood vinegar has a low value as a fumigant in the greenhouse soil.

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