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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (34): 1-4.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200100047

所属专题： 水稻

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

施肥方式及化肥用量对水稻产量和氮肥利用效率的影响

刘晓霞1(), 潘贤2, 张欢2()   

  1. 1浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站,杭州 310020
    2象山县耕地质量与肥料管理站,浙江象山 315700
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-14 修回日期:2020-06-03 出版日期:2020-12-05 发布日期:2020-12-15
  • 通讯作者: 张欢
  • 作者简介:刘晓霞,女,1986年出生,山东胶州人,高级农艺师,博士研究生,主要从事土肥技术推广工作。通信地址：310020 浙江省杭州市江干区凤起东路29号 浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站,Tel：0571-86757033,E-mail： 10914048@zju.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省“三农六方”科技协作项目“水稻-小麦轮作下磷肥周年运筹技术试验研究”(CTZB-F180706LWZ-SNY1(1));浙江省“三农六方”科技协作项目“粮油作物化肥定额制配套技术研究与推广应用”(CTZB-F190625LWZ-SNY1(1))

Impact of Fertilization Methods and Fertilizer Usage on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Liu Xiaoxia1(), Pan Xian2, Zhang Huan2()   

  1. 1Zhejiang Provincial Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Administration Station, Hangzhou 310020
    2Xiangshan Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Administration Station, Xiangshan Zhejiang 315700
  • Received:2020-01-14 Revised:2020-06-03 Online:2020-12-05 Published:2020-12-15
  • Contact: Zhang Huan

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摘要：

为探索侧深施肥条件下化肥的减量空间,以单季稻为试验材料,采用田间肥效试验比较分析侧深施肥和常规浅施2种施肥方式下化肥用量对水稻产量和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,等氮量条件下,侧深施肥技术水稻产量、有效穗数和氮肥利用效率均显著高于常规浅施,其中常量侧深施肥水稻产量、有效穗数和氮肥利用效率分别较常规浅施高11.46%、10.18%和34.77%,减量侧深施肥水稻产量、有效穗数和氮肥利用效率分别较减量浅施高14.63%、14.79%和39.73%。常规浅施条件下,氮肥用量降低20%造成水稻显著减产,但应用侧深施肥技术氮肥用量减少20%并未影响产量。综上,侧深施肥技术是提高水稻产量和氮肥利用效率的有效措施,应用侧深施肥技术可在保证产量稳定的基础上酌情减少化肥用量。

关键词: 侧深施肥, 常规浅施, 产量, 肥料利用效率, 氮肥, 化肥减量

Abstract:

To explore the reduction space of chemical fertilizer under side-deep fertilization, single-cropping rice was taken as the material to study the effects of fertilization methods on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under side-deep fertilization and conventional-shallow fertilization. Results showed that rice yield, effective panicle and nitrogen use efficiency of side-deep fertilization were significantly higher than those of conventional-shallow fertilization under the same nitrogen level. For example, rice yield, effective panicle and nitrogen use efficiency of side-deep fertilization were 11.46%, 10.18% and 34.77% higher than those of conventional-shallow application, respectively. Rice yield, effective panicle and nitrogen use efficiency of side-deep fertilization with reducing amount were 14.63%, 14.79% and 39.73% higher than those of conventional-shallow application with reducing amount. Under the condition of conventional-shallow application, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer reduction of 20% caused a significant reduction of rice yield. However, rice yield was not affected by the 20% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application under side-deep fertilization. In all, side-deep fertilization is an effective measure to improve rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency, and the application of side-deep fertilization can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer on the basis of stable yield.

Key words: side-deep fertilization, conventional-shallow fertilization, yield, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer, chemical fertilizer reduction

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