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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2013, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 183-187.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2256

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

根系修剪与施肥对冬枣二次枝生长、果实产量及品质的影响

马丙尧 邢尚军 杜振宇 马海林 刘方春   

  • 收稿日期:2012-06-19 修回日期:2012-07-08 出版日期:2013-01-05 发布日期:2013-01-05
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金课题“黄河三角洲冬枣对钾的吸收利用研究”(ZR2012CM026)；“十一五”国家科技支撑计划课题“黄河滩地高效利用模式构建技术试验示范”(2006BAD03A1505-3)。

Effect of Root Pruning and Fertilization on the Twice Branch Growth, Fruit Output and Quality of Zizyphus jujube Mill.

  • Received:2012-06-19 Revised:2012-07-08 Online:2013-01-05 Published:2013-01-05

摘要： 为了研究断根配合施肥措施对冬枣生长及果实产量和品质的影响，以滨州市冬枣示范园的6年生冬枣(Zizyphus jujube Mill.)为试材，采用树木行间两侧3倍地径断根的方法，结合萌芽前和坐果后不同施肥措施，研究了断根和施肥对冬枣二次枝、果实产量、Vc和可溶性糖含量的影响。结果表明：萌芽期施肥量减半，对冬枣二次枝生长起显著的抑制作用，而后期减半施肥则影响不大。减少施肥量显著降低了冬枣产量。施肥方法相同条件下，根系修剪显著降低了二次枝的生长，其抑制作用与施肥量减半的效果相当。根系修剪后，减少施肥量可增强对冬枣生长的抑制作用。相同施肥量条件下，根系修剪可显著提高冬枣的产量，可在一定程度上起到与半量施肥相近的增产效果。此外，根剪后减少施肥量提高了当季肥料的利用效率，增加了冬枣果实中可溶性糖和Vc含量。由以上分析可知，两侧3倍地径根剪可减少肥料使用量，对冬枣产量及品质的提高有一定的积极作用。

关键词: 物候期, 物候期

Abstract: In order to estimate the effect of root cutting and fertilization on the growth, fruit output and quality of Zizyphus jujube Mill, the root system of 6-year-old Zizyphus jujube Mill. trees was manually cut with a sharp spade at 3 times trunk diameter distance along both inter-row sides prior to buds break in Binzhou Chinese jujube orchards. Effect of root pruning and fertilization on the twice branch growth, fruit output and quality of Zizyphus jujube Mill. was studied. The results showed that half amount of fertilization in germination stage decreased the growth of twice branch. However, there was no great influence of half amount of fertilization after fruit setting. Reduction of fertilizer decreased the fruit output of Zizyphus jujube Mill. Under the same fertilization conditions, the root cutting of 3 times trunk diameter decreased the growth of twice branch, which was equal to half amount of fertilization. Besides, after root pruning, reduction of fertilizer increased the inhibition effects of growth of Zizyphus jujube Mill. Additionally, under the same fertilization conditions, the fruit output of Zizyphus jujube Mill. was significantly increased, compared with their respective un-root-pruning control. The yield-increasing effect of was equal to half amount of fertilization. Moreover, reduction of fertilizer after root pruning could increase the annual fertilizer utilization efficiency. The contents of Vc and water-soluble sugar in the fruits of Zizyphus jujube Mill. were increased by root cutting, significantly. As a result, 3 times trunk diameter distance root cutting combination with the reduction of fertilizer was beneficial to the fruit output and quality of Zizyphus jujube Mill.