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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2013, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 123-128.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2300

所属专题： 玉米； 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦秸秆还田对玉米生长发育及产量的影响初探

朱丽君 李布青 施六林 周婷婷 肖文娜   

  • 收稿日期:2012-06-25 修回日期:2012-08-13 出版日期:2013-03-25 发布日期:2013-03-25
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省农业科学院院长青年创新基金项目 “全量直接还田小麦秸秆腐解次生产物对大豆、 玉米他感效应的研究”。

Preliminary Study on the Effect of Wheat Straw Returning on Growth and Yield of Corn Plant

  • Received:2012-06-25 Revised:2012-08-13 Online:2013-03-25 Published:2013-03-25

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摘要： 研究田间条件下，小麦秸秆全量还田对下茬作物玉米生长发育及产量的影响，以期为实现科学合理的秸秆还田农艺措施提供科学依据。试验设正常施肥、不施肥，不浇水、浇2次透水条件下全量、2倍量和无小麦秸秆还田，共8个处理。通过田间试验，研究小麦秸秆还田对玉米幼苗生长和成熟期生物学与经济性状的影响试验，测定了玉米的出苗率、根系2次活力、生物学性状。结果显示，在水肥充足、小麦秸秆全量还田条件下，玉米幼苗的生长状况明显优于无小麦秸秆还田和2倍量还田的玉米幼苗，小麦秸秆还田的有无与多少都会对玉米幼苗的生长产生一定的影响；随着时间的推移，小麦秸秆对玉米幼苗生长的影响减弱，各处理间差异不显著，玉米长势均良好。玉米成熟期考种结果表明，2倍量小麦秸秆还田浇2次透水的处理较对照1增产2861.95 kg/hm2，增长率达68%；全量小麦秸秆还田浇2次透水的处理较对照1增产2567.34 kg/hm2，增长率达61%；而仅浇2次透水无小麦秸秆还田的对照2较对照1增产2525.25 kg/hm2，增长率为60%。可见，通过农艺措施调节，能减轻过量秸秆的负效应，降低秸秆还田对下茬作物的不良影响，从而提高农作物的产量和品质，正常施肥条件浇2次透水的小麦秸秆全量还田处理有显著增产效果。

关键词: 种胚, 种胚

Abstract: The experiment is study the effect of wheat straw returning on the growth of corns under the field conditions, in order to provide a scientific basis for the realization of scientific and rational straw returning agronomic measures. The field experiments, setting eight treatments with different amount of fertilizer and straw returning, were carried out to study the influence of wheat straw returning on the seedling growth, maturity biology and economic traits of corns by testing the seedling emergence, root activity and biological traits. With adequate water and fertilizer, and the full amount of the wheat straw returning, the growth situation of corn seedlings was much better than without wheat straw returning and the double amount of wheat straw returning. With the passage of time, the effect of wheat straw returning on the growth of corns was weakening, and corns were growing well. Follow the amount of straw returning form high to low; compared with control group 1, production increased 2861.95 kg/hm2, 2567.34 kg/hm2 and 2525.25 kg/hm2, growth of 68%, 61% and 60% respectively. The results of the corn maturity test showed that, the wheat straw returning could help to reach a significant yield of corns with the totally normal fertilization and poured secondary permeable conditions. By adjusting agronomic measures, the negative effect of excess straw could be mitigated and the adverse effects of straw returning on the next crops could be reduced, so that to increase the yield and quality of corns.