欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2013, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (24): 119-124.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2334

所属专题: 油料作物 棉花

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

棉花萎蔫综合症对棉花生长发育及产量品质的影响观察

许爱玲 吴霞 马冬菊 吴秀峰 沈红星 解广田 张林水 李燕娥   

  • 收稿日期:2012-06-28 修回日期:2012-08-27 出版日期:2013-08-25 发布日期:2013-08-25
  • 基金资助:
    转基因生物新品种培育专项“安全转基因技术研究

Influence of Cotton Wilt Syndrome on Cotton Growth, Development, Yield and Quality

  • Received:2012-06-28 Revised:2012-08-27 Online:2013-08-25 Published:2013-08-25

摘要: 为了探询该病害对棉花生长发育、产量及品质的影响,以便为制定综合治理措施提供基础依据。通过使用澳作生态仪器有限公司的叶绿素仪SPAD-502,测试病株与正常株上部第一和第二节主茎叶和果枝第一叶的叶绿素含量,结果表明:发病初期病株上部叶片叶绿素含量低于正常株,随时间推移,其差别缩小。通过调查测量同品种(系)的发病株与正常株的生长发育情况,结果表明:发病早的植株株高和果枝数比正常株显著降低,发病较晚的,株高和果枝数比正常株有所降低但不明显;病株不论发病早晚,7—8月均表现为幼蕾大量脱落,这与棉花其他病害造成幼铃而不是幼蕾脱落明显不同。其次是病株大铃、小铃脱落增加及花朵减少。通过分别采摘收获病株和正常株的子棉并分别称重轧子计算,所有病株均表现不同程度的减产。通过将病株材料减产比例与其发病株率挂钩测算,结果表明:所有品种(系)减产比例和其发病株率呈正相关(系数R=0.98),其拟合的回归方程为Y=-1.180+0.852X。通过对同品种(系)病株和正常株纤维作专业检测,结果表明:发病株纤维品质明显下降,尤以马克隆值下降幅度最大。说明病株棉铃的成熟发育进程发生变异。观察测试结果表明,发病棉株生理机制发生变异,造成叶绿素含量降低,株高降低,果枝减少,幼蕾脱落和幼铃脱落增加,结铃减少从而造成减产,还造成病株纤维成熟度下降;发病越早造成的影响越大,发病株率越高减产损失越大。

关键词: 农业影响, 农业影响

Abstract: In order to explore the disease of cotton growth, yield and quality of influence, in order to provide the basis for comprehensive treatment measures according to. Through the use of Macao as ecological instrument co., LTD of chlorophyll meter SPAD-502, test diseased plants and normal strain upper the first and the second quarter main stem leaf and flowering of the first leaf chlorophyll content, and the results show that: the initial plant of upper leaf chlorophyll content below the normal strain, over time, the difference between a narrow. Through the survey measurement varieties (strains) with the pathogenesis of strain and normal strain growth situation, the results showed that, early onset of plant flowering plant height and number than the normal strain significantly reduced, come on later, plant height and branch number than the normal strain reduced but not obvious. No matter the plant of morning and evening, 7-8 standard of performance for a large number of young budding off, this and other diseases caused by cotton young fluid rather than young budding off significantly different. The second was plant of big bell, bell off increase and decrease flowers. Through the picking harvest diseases plants and normal strains respectively unginned cotton and weighing rolling son calculation, all diseases plants were performing different levels of production. Through the plant materials would cut its proportion of the strain rate hook measure, the results indicated that, all varieties (strains) reduction ratio and the onset of strain rate were positively correlated (coefficient R=0.98), its fitting regression equation for Y=1.180+0.852X. Through the varieties (strains) with plant and normal plant fibers as the professional testing, the results showed that, the plant fiber quality drops obviously, especially in each value the greatest reduction. Explain the maturity of the cotton boll plant growth course of change. Observation test results showed that, the cotton plant physiological mechanism change, resulting in lower chlorophyll content, lower plant height, branch to reduce, the young budding off and young fluid off increase, resulting in the boll reduce production, also caused the plant fiber maturity down. The earlier of the impact, the greater the strain rate, the higher the cut loss.