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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2014, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 272-279.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0860

所属专题： 玉米； 农业气象

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

石羊河流域气候变化对春玉米发育及水分利用效率的影响

蒋菊芳 王润元 景元书 魏育国 王鹤龄   

  • 收稿日期:2013-03-26 修回日期:2013-05-03 出版日期:2014-01-15 发布日期:2014-01-15
  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业 （气象） 科研专项 “农田水分利用效率对气候变化的响应与适应技术” (GYHY201106029)。

Effect of Climate Change on Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Corn in Shiyang Rive Basin

  • Received:2013-03-26 Revised:2013-05-03 Online:2014-01-15 Published:2014-01-15

摘要： 为了用好有限的水资源，提高农业用水的有效性。以石羊河流域春玉米生长发育、水分利用效率和气象观测资料为基础，分析气候变化对春玉米生长发育和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：石羊河流域气温年际变化呈显著上升趋势，气温变化线性拟合倾向率为0.383℃/10年，作物生长季4—10月呈现气温明显升高、气候变暖趋势。降水量除秋季呈减少趋势外，年降水、作物生长季和其他季节降水均呈缓慢波动增加趋势，作物生长季降水对年降水量增加的贡献最大。受气候变暖影响春玉米三叶期、拔节期、开花期每10年提前2~3天，乳熟期、成熟期每10年推后1~2天。而春季营养生长期每10年缩短2~3天，秋季生殖生长期每10年延长2~3天。由于气温显著升高，春玉米水分利用率呈上升趋势；气温对春玉米水分利用效率的影响为正效应，气温每提高1℃，春玉米水分利用效率提高0.46~0.57 kg/(hm2·mm)。而降水量与灌溉区春玉米水分利用效率呈负相关，降水量每减少1 mm，水分利用效率可提高0.19~ 0.78 kg/(hm2·mm)。随着日照时数的波动增加，春玉米的水分利用效率呈明显增加趋势，对水分利用效率影响为正效应，日照时数每增加10 h，春玉米水分利用效率提高0.2~0.6 kg/(hm2·mm)。

关键词: 叶片养分, 叶片养分

Abstract: In order to make good use of the limited water resources, We improved the effectiveness of agricultural water. It’s based on spring corn’s growth, water use efficiency and meteorological observation data in Shiyang rive basin. The effect of climate change on growth and water use efficiency of spring corn were analyzed. The results showed that: the annual change of average temperature was a significant rise in Shiyang rive basin, which linear fitting trend rate was 0.383℃every 10 years. The crop growth season’s (April to October) temperature was significant rising and warming trend. The precipitation in autumn showed a decreasing trend, but the annual precipitation, crop growth season and other seasonal precipitation showed slow wave increased. And the crop growth season precipitation increase of annual precipitation was the biggest contributor in all. By the effects of climate warming, the spring corn’s three leaf stage、jointing stage and blossom period were ahead of 2-3 days every 10 years . But the milk stage and mature stage were after of 1-2 days every 10 years. And the spring growth period was decreased from 2 days to 3 days every 10 years. The autumn reproductive period was increased by 2 days to 3 days every 10 years. As the temperature increased, the water use efficiency of spring corn increased. The influence of temperature on spring corn’s water use efficiency was the positive effect. As the temperature increase by 1℃, spring corn’s water use efficiency increased by 0.46 kg/(hm2·mm) to 0.57 kg/(hm2·mm). While the precipitation’s change on effect of irrigation spring corn’s water use efficiency was the negative effect. precipitation decreased 1 mm, spring corn’s water use efficiency could be increased by 0.19-0.78 kg/(hm2·mm). Along with the sunshine duration fluctuated increasing, the water use efficiency of spring corn showed an obvious increasing trend, which impacted on water use efficiency was the positive effect. As hours of sunshine increased every 10h, the spring corn’s water use efficiency increased by 0.2-0.6 kg/(hm2·mm).