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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2013, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (36): 194-204.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1151

所属专题： 水稻

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

机插密度与施氮量对超级杂交籼稻‘准两优527’源库特性的影响

武彪 冯跃华 刘翔 刘永国 李云 王小艳 纪洪亭   

  • 收稿日期:2013-04-22 修回日期:2013-06-18 出版日期:2013-12-25 发布日期:2013-12-25
  • 基金资助:
    村民关联度与农地利用的关系研究—以甘肃河西走廊为例;贵州省科技重大专项计划项目;贵州省农业科技攻关项目;贵州省科学技术基金项目

Effects of Planting Density and Fertilizer-N Application Rates on the Source-sink Characteristics of the Super Hybrid Indica Rice ‘Zhunliangyou 527’ Under the Mechanized Transplanting Conditions

  • Received:2013-04-22 Revised:2013-06-18 Online:2013-12-25 Published:2013-12-25

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摘要： 为探明不同机插密度与施氮量下超级杂交籼稻源库特性。在机插条件下，于2012年以超级杂交籼稻‘准两优527’为供试材料，研究密度与施氮量对超级杂交籼稻源库特性的影响。结果表明，随着施氮量的增加，移栽—孕穗和抽穗—成熟阶段的作物生长率以及群体总作物生长率、抽穗期叶面积指数、光合势、拔节—抽穗阶段叶面积比率均有增加的趋势，拔节—孕穗阶段的叶源总量值、总颖花量和总库容量亦有相同规律，而高效叶面积率、有效叶面积率和粒叶比刚好相反，但当施氮量超过150 kg/hm2时，孕穗—抽穗阶段的作物生长率和净同化率以及叶源总量值、单茎茎鞘重、叶绿素相对含量、冠层光合有效辐射截获率有下降的趋势。随着机插密度的降低，拔节—抽穗阶段的作物生长率和总作物生长率、孕穗期的叶绿素相对含量、高效叶面积率和有效叶面积率均呈增加趋势，拔节—孕穗阶段的光合势和净同化率及叶源总量值、总颖花量和总库容量亦增加，而抽穗—成熟阶段的作物生长率、孕穗—抽穗阶段的净同化率刚好相反，但当机插密度低于20.83万穴/hm2后，最大叶面积指数、孕穗—抽穗阶段的叶源总量值、冠层光合有效辐射截获率、抽穗期的叶绿素相对含量、拔节期的单茎茎鞘重和粒叶比随密度降低呈降低趋势。实粒数/叶面积与饱粒千粒重呈显著负相关，而与结实率呈显著正相关；最大群体叶面积指数、总颖花数、千粒重、总库容量与产量呈显著正相关。由此得出，提高氮肥施用量，降低机插密度，能够改善超级杂交籼稻‘准两优527’的源库质量，但过量施氮，机插密度太高或太低，反而会造成源库质量下降，导致产量下降。

关键词: 统计分析, 统计分析

Abstract: To ascertain the source-sink characteristics of super hybrid indica rice under conditions of different machine inserted density and fertilizer-N application rates. Effects of density and fertilizer-N application rates on the source-sink characteristics of super hybrid indica rice ‘Zhunliangyou 527’ under mechanized transplanting conditions were studied in 2012. Results showed that, with the application rate of fertilizer-N improved, crop growth rate (CGR) from transplanting to booting and from heading to maturity stage and total CGR and leaf area index (LAI) at heading stage and photosynthetic potential and leaf area rate from jointing to heading stage increased gradually, total quantity of leaf source (TQLS) from jointing to booting stage and total amount of spikelets and total sink potential rose had the same regular pattern, whereas ratio of highly and effective leaf area in total leaf area and grain-leaf ratio were just the opposite, at the same time, CGR and net assimilation rate and TQLS from booting to heading stage and single stem-sheath weight and relative content of chlorophyll and interception rate of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) decreased gradually when the application rate was over 150 kg/hm2. With the planting density decreased, CGR from jointing to heading stage and total CGR and relative content of chlorophyll at booting stage and ratio of highly and effective leaf area in total leaf area increased gradually, and photosynthetic potential and net assimilation rate and TQLS from jointing to booting stage and total amount of spikelets and total sink potential rose also raised, while CGR from heading to maturity stage and net assimilation rate from booting to heading stage were just the reversed, moreover, biggest LAI and TQLS from booting to heading stage and interception rate of PAR and relative content of chlorophyll at heading stage and single stem-sheath weight at jointing stage and grain-leaf ratio decreased when density was below 20.83×104 hills/hm2. Ratio of filled spiketlets and leaf area was negatively correlated with 1000-full grain weight at the significant level of P0.05, while there was a significantly positive correlation relation between the ratio of filled spiketlets and leaf area and seed setting rate, and also biggest leaf area index and total amount of spikelets and 1000-full grain weight and total sink potential rose was positively correlated with rice yield at the significant level of P0.05, respectively. The quality of the source-sink of super hybrid indica ‘Zhunliangyou527’ was gradually improved with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer improved and the machine inserted density reduced, the quality of the source-sink would be decreased and rice yield also would be reduced if an excess the nitrogen fertilizer was conducted and the machine inserted density was too high or low.