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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2014, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (21): 183-188.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3271

所属专题： 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

春玉米区域专用肥研制及其应用效果

郭军玲 王永亮 郭彩霞 张强 杨治平   

  • 收稿日期:2013-12-16 修回日期:2014-01-26 出版日期:2014-07-25 发布日期:2014-07-25
  • 基金资助:
    农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项“主要农作物最佳养分管理技术研究与应用”(201103003)；山西农科院博士研究基金“基于GIS平台的区域配方肥研制”(YBSJJ1310)。

Study on Design and Application of Spring Maize Regional Special Compound Fertilizer

  • Received:2013-12-16 Revised:2014-01-26 Online:2014-07-25 Published:2014-07-25

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摘要： 为实现玉米进一步增产和农田养分的高效利用，以山西晋中市为研究区域，制定春玉米专用肥配方并进行春玉米专用肥肥效试验。基于测土配方施肥项目，采用氮肥总量控制，分期调控及磷钾肥恒量监控技术制定了区域春玉米专用肥配方，平川区与土石山区专用肥配方(N-P2O5-K2O)分别为16-19-10，20-12-8。田间试验结果表明：平川区、土石山区专用肥处理与农户习惯施肥相比增产显著，产量达到12742.3 kg/hm2、10958.8 kg/hm2，分别提高16.02%、10.01%。专用肥处理还提高了春玉米穗粒数、百粒重及收获指数，降低了秃尖长度。且专用肥处理氮肥效率明显提高，平川区、土石山区专用肥处理氮肥利用率分别为30.23%、28.85%，高于农户习惯15.72%、11.70%；氮肥农学利用率均显著高于农户习惯；氮肥偏生产力53.09 kg/kg、43.09 kg/kg比农户习惯提高了45.02%、30.58%。综合分析春玉米专用肥处理可作为当地春玉米施肥管理的有效措施之一。

关键词: 肥料效应函数, 肥料效应函数

Abstract: To get higher yield and high efficient utilization of farmland nutrients, spring maize special compound fertilizer prescriptions were studied and the special compound fertilizers experiments were carried out in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province. Based on the datum of soil testing and fertilizer project, spring maize special compound fertilizer prescription was designed by scientific nutrient management technologies. The special compound fertilizer prescriptions of two areas were 16-19-10 and 20-12-8, respectively. In order to evaluate the special fertilize, five field trials were conducted. The result showed that the fertilizers could significantly improve maize yield compared with farmers practice. Maize yield increased 16.02% with designed fertilizer (16- 19- 10) and the other one (20- 12- 8) increased 10.01% in comparison with farmers practice. Further, the special compound fertilizer treatment also could increase grain number per spike and 100-seed weight of maize, but reduce barren ear tip length. Meanwhile, nitrogen use efficiency, agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity were remarkably improved by the designed fertilizers treatment. Nitrogen use efficiency of two areas was 30.23% and 28.85%, respectively, which were higher than farmers practice. Nitrogen partial factor productivity was increased by 45.02% and 30.58%.