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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 39-44.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2383

所属专题： 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

连续2年施用鸡粪有机肥对土壤和小麦锌积累的影响

茹淑华1,苏德纯2,张国印1,耿 暖1,孙世友1,王 凌1   

  1. (1河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,石家庄 050051；2中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100094）
  • 收稿日期:2014-09-01 修回日期:2015-02-09 接受日期:2014-10-14 出版日期:2015-03-20 发布日期:2015-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 茹淑华
  • 基金资助:
    河北省自然基金项目“畜禽粪便有机肥对土壤重金属积累特征和生物有效性影响机制研究”(C2013301066)；公益性行业（农业）科研专项“农产品产地重金属污染源头控制技术与示范”(200903015)；国家自然科学基金项目“畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属在农田土壤中的形态归趋及生物有效性演变机理”(41271488)。

Effects of Continuous Application of Organic Chicken Manure on Soil Zn Accumulation and Zn Uptake by Wheat

Ru Shuhua1, Su Dechun2, Zhang Guoyin1, Geng Nuan1, Sun Shiyou1, Wang Ling1   

  1. (1Institute of Agro-resource and Environment, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051;2College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094)
  • Received:2014-09-01 Revised:2015-02-09 Accepted:2014-10-14 Online:2015-03-20 Published:2015-03-20

摘要： 为了安全合理地利用集约化养殖场的畜禽粪便有机肥，本研究通过田间小区定位试验，研究了连续2年施用高Zn的鸡粪有机肥对土壤和小麦植株Zn积累的影响。结果表明：高Zn鸡粪有机肥施用量为60 t/hm2连续施用2年后，土壤重金属Zn含量未超过国家二级标准300 mg/kg (pH>7.5)。随着鸡粪有机肥施用量的增加，连续2年土壤全Zn、有效Zn含量和小麦籽粒Zn含量均趋于明显上升趋势。与第1年施用鸡粪有机肥相比，第2年施用鸡粪有机肥的处理土壤全Zn含量增加1.39%~70.79%，土壤有效Zn含量增加35.37%~66.25%。鸡粪施用量>30 t/hm2时较施用化肥的处理小麦籽粒Zn含量差异达到显著水平。鸡粪施用量为60 t/hm2的处理，第2年比第1年施用有机肥小麦秸秆和籽粒Zn含量分别升高了14.75%和2.74%。随着土壤全Zn含量的增加，小麦籽粒Zn含量也趋于上升趋势。土壤全Zn与小麦籽粒Zn含量的关系呈显著的线性相关关系。土壤中全Zn的含量达到国家规定的二级土壤标准时，第1年和第2年施用鸡粪的小麦籽粒Zn含量分别为93.21 mg/kg和100.37 mg/kg。

关键词: 日粮水平, 日粮水平, 消化酶, 免疫酶, 氮收支, 凡纳滨对虾

Abstract: To safely and reasonably use livestock and poultry manures from intensive farming, the field experiment was carried out to study the effects of organic chicken manure application for 2 consecutive years on soil Zn accumulation and wheat Zn uptake. The results showed that after application of 60 t/hm2 high Zn chicken manure organic fertilizer for 2-consecutive years, soil Zn content was not surpass the Second Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for soils (GB15618-1995) (pH>7.5, Zn≤300 mg/kg). The total Zn, available Zn contents of soil and Zn content in wheat grain increased significantly with the increasing amounts of the organic chicken manure for 2-consecutive years. Compared with first year of organic chicken manure, the treatment of organic chicken manure application for second year the soil total Zn content increased 1.39%-70.79%, soil available Zn content increased 35.37%-66.25%. There was a significant difference in Zn content in the grain of wheat between control and treatments above 30 t/hm2. When organic chicken manure application amount was 60 t/hm2, the treatment of organic chicken manure application for second year Zn content of wheat straw and grain increased by 14.75% and 2.74% than for first year. Along with the increasing of total Zn content of soil, Zn content in wheat grain increased significantly. The relationship between the amounts of the contents of soil total Zn and wheat grain Zn could be simulated by mathematic curve for 2 consecutive years. Test results suggested that both correlative coefficient attained very significant level. When the soil Zn content would not surpass the Second Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for soils, for first and second year of chicken manure application, Zn content in wheat grain were 93.21 mg/kg and 100.37 mg/kg, respectively.