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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (18): 20-24.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2489

所属专题： 水稻

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮量和栽插密度对晚稻产量与氮肥利用率的影响

曾宪军1,蔡桂青2,田 昌2,王 娟2,黄 维2,彭建伟2   

  1. (1湖南生物机电职业技术学院,长沙 410127；2湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙 410128）
  • 收稿日期:2014-09-12 修回日期:2015-06-04 接受日期:2014-11-07 出版日期:2015-07-27 发布日期:2015-07-27
  • 通讯作者: 彭建伟
  • 基金资助:
    农业部公益性行业（农业）科研专项“长江中下游地区水稻-油菜轮作最佳养分管理技术应用”(201103003)，本项目已结题，后续研究由华中农业大学提供经费支持；“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目“南方丘陵山地农区农业面源污染防控技术集成与示范”(2012BAD15B04)；湖南省高校创新平台开放基金项目“水稻对生长关键期高温逆境的氮代谢响应机理研究”(13K061)；湖南省自然科学基金项目“水稻对生长季极端高温氮代谢的响应机理研究”(12JJ6016)。

Nitrogen Amount and Transplanting Density on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Late Rice

Zeng Xianjun1, Cai Guiqing2, Tian Chang2, Wang Juan2, Huang Wei2, Peng Jianwei2   

  1. (1College of Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha 410127;2College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128)
  • Received:2014-09-12 Revised:2015-06-04 Accepted:2014-11-07 Online:2015-07-27 Published:2015-07-27

摘要： 氮肥施用量过高和栽插密度越来越小，严重制约着水稻的高产和氮肥利用率的提高。为探明氮肥施用量和栽插密度对晚稻产量的影响及互作效应，以‘天优华占’为试验材料，设置5个不同氮肥施用量与3个栽插密度15个处理的大田小区试验，分析氮肥用量和栽培密度的互作对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明：不同施氮量处理间晚稻产量的差异呈显著水平，晚稻施氮量为200 kg/hm2时，其籽粒产量高于其他处理，且差异显著；不同栽插密度处理间的产量有差异，随着栽插密度的增加，产量有所增加。有效穗数对晚稻产量的影响最大，每穗粒数次之，千粒重和结实率最小。本试验条件下，晚稻高产最佳组合为施氮量200 kg/hm2与密度30万穴/hm2；氮肥利用率最高的组合则是施氮量50 kg/hm2与密度30万穴/hm2。因此考虑到产量和经济效益，在本试验条件下认为施氮量为200 kg/hm2与密度为30万穴/hm2的组合为最适宜处理。

关键词: 库源特性, 库源特性

Abstract: Excessive amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density smaller, seriously restricting rice yield and increasing rice nitrogen use efficiency. An experiment was carried out to study the effect of 5 different N amounts and 3 transplanting density of 15 treatments on yield and nitrogen utilization of late rice with ‘Tianyouhuazhan’ to prove the nitrogen fertilizer and planting density of influence and the interaction effects. The results showed that there was a significant influence of N level and transplanting density on yield, but interactive effect was no significant. The grain yield of nitrogen usage was 200 kg/hm2, it was higher than other treatments. The results of the trial indicated that late rice yield could be raised by properly increasing the transplanting density and decreasing the amount of nitrogen application. The greatest impact on yield of panicles, followed by per panicle, the minimum were grain weight and seed setting rate. Took the yield into consideration, the N fertilization rate was recommended as N 200 kg/hm2 with the transplanting density of 300 thousand clusters per hm2. Nitrogen use efficiency was the amount 50 kg/hm2 and density of 300 thousand clusters per hm2. Considering the yield and economic benefit, we thought that N application of 200 kg/hm2 and transplanting density of 300 thousand clusters per hm2 combination was the most appropriate treatment.