细菌趋化性研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 细菌趋化性是指有运动能力的细菌对物质化学浓度梯度做出的反应，使细菌趋向有益刺激，逃避有害刺激。为研究细菌趋化性的研究进展，对趋化细菌运动方式、趋化性分子机制、趋化性在致病机理中的作用以及趋化性对细菌病害防治的重要意义进行概述。趋化细菌的运动有泳动和翻滚2种方式，分别由鞭毛的逆时针和顺时针旋转所调节。细菌的运动需要趋化信号转导系统的控制，通常信号转导途径分3个部分：（1）膜上趋化受体接收信号；（2）从膜受体到鞭毛马达的信号转导；（3）对最初信号输入的适应。

关键词: 遗传分析, 遗传分析

Abstract: Chemotaxis of bacteria refers to the response of some bacteria who own the athletic ability to a concentration gradient of a chemical attractant or repellent. In order to study the progress of bacterial chemotaxis, this paper focuses on the movement of bacterial chemotaxis, the molecular mechanism of chemotaxis, the role of chemotaxis in the pathogenesis and the significance of the bacterial chemotaxis in disease control. Movements of this bacterium include swimming and rolling which are regulated by the contrarotation and clockwise rotation of flagellum. Motile bacterial often use sophisticated chemotaxis signaling system to direct their movements. In general, bacterial chemotactic signal transduction pathways have three basic elements: (1) signal reception by bacterial chemoreceptors located on the membrane; (2) signal transduction to relay the signals from membrane receptors to the motor; and (3) signal adaptation to desensitize the initial signal input.

杨姗姗,马丽,孙柏欣,张晓晓,杨玉文,赵廷昌. 细菌趋化性研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2015, 31(6): 121-127.

Yang Shanshan,Ma Li,Sun Baixin,Zhang Xiaoxiao,Yang Yuwen and Zhao Tingchang. Progress in Bacterial Chemotaxis[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2015, 31(6): 121-127.

参考文献

[1] 李茹,陈鹏.细菌趋化性的信号传导及调节机制研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2011(11):54-57.
[2] 刘晓东,吴港,杨智敏,等. RpoN和RpoS参与细菌鞭毛合成与趋化调控的研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2013(12):11-16.
[3] Adler J. Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli[J]. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 1965(30):289-292.
[4] Adler J. Amethod for measuring chemotaxis and use of the method to determine optimum conditions for chemotaxis by Escherichia coli[J]. J Gen Microbiol,1973(74):77-91.
[5] Adler J. Chemotaxis in bacteria[J]. Annu Rev Biochem,1975(44):341-356.
[6] Armstrong J B, Adler J, Dahl M M. Nonchemotactic mutants of Escherichia coli[J]. J Bacteriol,1967(93):390-398.
[7] Kort E N, Goy M F, Larsen S H, et al. Methylation of a membrane protein involved in bacterial chemotaxis[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1975(72):3939-3943.
[8] Clarke S, Koshland D E J. Membrane receptors for aspartate and serine in bacterial chemotaxis[J]. J Biol Chem, 1979(254):9695-9702.
[9] Biemann H P, Koshland D E J. Aspartate receptors of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium bind ligand with negative and half-of-the-sites cooperativity[J]. Biochemistry,1994(33):629-634.
[10] Lin L N, Li J, Brandts J F, et al. The serine receptor of bacterial chemotaxis exhibits half-site saturation for serine binding[J]. Biochemistry,1994(33):6564-6570.
[11] Yeh J I, Biemann H P, Pandit J, et al. The three-dimensional structure of the ligand-binding domain of a wild-type bacterial chemotaxis receptor. Structural comparison to the cross-linked mutant forms and conformational changes upon ligand binding[J]. J Biol Chem,1993(268):9787-9792.
[12] Ottemann K M, Thorgeirsson T E, Kolodziej A F, et al. Direct measurement of small ligand-induced conformational changes in the aspartate chemoreceptor using EPR[J]. Biochemistry,1998(37):7062-7069.
[13] Ames P, Studdert C A, Reiser R H, et al. Collaborative signaling by mixed chemoreceptor teams in Escherichia coli[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2002(99):7060-7065.
[14] Kim K K, Yokota H, Kim S H. Four-helical-bundle structure of the cytoplasmic domain of a serine chemotaxis receptor[J]. Nature,1999(400):787-792.
[15] Gestwicki J E, Lamanna A C, Harshey R M, et al. Evolutionary conservation of methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein location in Bacteria and Archaea[J]. J Bacteriol,2000(182):6499-6502.
[16] Stock A M, Robinson V L, Goudreau P N. Two-component signal transduction[J]. Annu Rev Biochem ,2000(69):183-215.
[17] West A H, Stock A M. Histidine kinases and response regulator proteins in two-component signaling systems[J]. Trends Biochem Sci,2001(6):369-376.
[18] Boukhvalova M S, Dahlquist F W, Stewart R C. CheW binding interactions with CheA and Tar. Importance for chemotaxis signaling in Escherichia coli[J]. J Biol Chem,2002(277:22251-22259.
[19] Hess J F, Oosawa K, Kaplan N, et al. Phosphorylation of three proteins in the signaling pathway of bacterial chemotaxis[J]. Cell,1988(53):79-87.
[20] Borkovich K A, Kaplan N, Hess J F, et al. Transmembrane signal transduction in bacterial chemotaxis involves ligand-dependent activation of phosphate group transfer[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA ,1989(86):1208-1212.
[21] Welch M, Oosawa K, Aizawa S, et al. Phosphorylation-dependent binding of a signal molecule to the flagellar switch of bacteria[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA ,1993(90):8787-8791.
[22] Buchan A, Crombie B, Alexandre G M. Temporal dynamics and genetic diversity of chemotactic-competent microbial populations in the rhizosphere[J]. Environmental Microbiology,2010,12(12):3171-3184.
[23] Dutta R, Qin L, Inouye M. Histidine kinases: diversity ofdomain organization[J]. Mol Microbiol ,1999(34):633-640.
[24] Schuster S C, Swanson R V, Alex L A, et al. Assembly and function of a quaternary signal transduction complex monitored by surface plasmon resonance[J]. Nature ,1993(365):343-347.
[25] Swanson R V, Bourret R B, Simon M I. Intermolecular complementation of the kinase activity of CheA[J]. Mol Microbiol,1993(8:435- 441.
[26] Wolfe A J, Stewart R C. The short form of the CheA protein restores kinase activity and chemotactic ability to kinase-deficient mutants[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA ,1993(90):1518-1522.
[27] Ninfa E G, Stock A, Mowbray S, et al. Reconstitution of the bacterial chemotaxis signal transduction system from purified components[J]. J Biol Chem ,1991(266):9764-9770.
[28] Griswold I J, Dahlquist F W. The dynamic behavior of CheW from Thermotoga maritima in solution, as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance: implications for potential protein-protein interaction sites[J]. Biophys Chem,2002(101-102):359-373.
[29] Griswold I J, Zhou H, Matison M, et al. The solution structure and interactions of CheW from Thermotoga maritima[J]. Nat Struct Biol,2002(9):121-125.
[30] Roman S J, Meyers M, Volz K, et al. A chemotactic signaling surface on CheY defined by suppressors of flagellar switch mutations[J]. J Bacteriol ,1992(174):6247-6255.
[31] Sockett H, Yamaguchi S, Kihara M, et al. Molecular analysis of the flagellar switch protein FliM of Salmonella typhimurium[J]. J Bacteriol ,1992(174):793-806.
[32] Wylie D, Stock A, Wong C Y, et al. Sensory transduction in bacterial chemotaxis involves phosphotransfer between Che proteins[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun ,1988(51):891-896.
[33] Eisenbach M. Bacterial chemotaxis. In: Nature encyclopedia of life sciences[M]. London: Nature Publishing group,2000.
[34] Porter S L, Wadhams G H, Armitage J P. Signal processing in complex chemotaxis pathways[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2011,9(3):153-165.
[35] Packer H L, Armitage J P. The unidirectional flagellar motor of Rhodobacter sphaeroides WS8 can rotate either clockwise or counterclockwise: characterization of the flagellum under both conditions by antibody decoration[J]. J Bacteriol ,1993,175:6041-6045.
[36] Platzer J, Sterr W, Hausmann M, et al. Three genes of a motility operon and their role in flagellar rotary speed variation in Rhizobium meliloti[J]. J Bacteriol ,1997(179):6391-6399.
[37] Springer M S, Goy M F, Adler J. Protein methylation in behavioural control mechanisms and in signal transduction[J]. Nature ,1979,280:279-284.
[38] 张蔚文,张灼.细菌化学趋向性机理的研究进展[J].微生物学报,1993(03):175-179.
[39] Borkovich K A, Alex L A, Simon M I. Attenuation of sensory receptor signaling by covalent modification[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1992(89):6756-6760.
[40] Simms S A, Stock A M, Stock J B. Purification and characterization of the S-adenosylmethionine: glutamyl methyltransferase that modifies membrane chemoreceptor proteins in bacteria[J]. J Biol Chem ,1987(262):8537-8543.
[41] Bren A, Welch M, Blat Y, et al. Signal termination in bacterial chemotaxis: CheZ mediates dephosphorylation of free rather than switch-bound CheY[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1996,93(19):10090-10093.
[42] Lupas A, Stock J. Phosphorylation of an N-terminal regulatory domain activates the CheB methylesterase in bacterial chemotaxis[J]. J Biol Chem ,1989(264):17337-17342.
[43] Stewart R C, Roth A F, Dahlquist F W. Mutations that affect control of the methylesterase activity of CheB, a component of the chemotaxis adaptation system in Escherichia coli[J]. J Bacteriol ,1990(172):3388-3399.
[44] Wu J, Li J, Li G, et al. The receptor binding site for the methyltransferase of bacterial chemotaxis is distinct from the sites of methylation[J]. Biochemistry,1996(35):4984-4993.
[45] Djordjevic S, Stock A M. Chemotaxis receptor recognition by protein methyltransferase CheR[J]. Nat Struct Biol ,1998(5):446-450.
[46] Djordjevic S, Goudreau P N, Xu Q, et al. Structural basis for methylesterase CheB regulation by a phosphorylation- activated domain[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA ,1998(95:1381-1386.
[47] Ottemann K M, Miller J F. Roles for motility in bacterial-host interactions[J]. Mol Microbiol,1997(24):1109-1117.
[48] Josenhans C, Suerbaum S. The role of motility as a virulence factor in bacteria[J]. Int J Med Microbiol,2002(291):605-614.
[49] Freter R. Mechanisms of association of bacteria with mucosal surfaces[J]. Ciba Found Symp ,1981(80):36-55.
[50] Freter R, O'Brien P C. Role of chemotaxis in the association of motile bacteria with intestinal mucosa: chemotactic responses of Vibrio cholerae and description of motile nonchemotactic mutants[J]. Infect Immun,1981(34):215-221.
[51] Freter R, O'Brien P C. Role of chemotaxis in the association of motile bacteria with intestinal mucosa: fitness and virulence of nonchemotactic Vibrio cholerae mutants in infant mice[J]. Infect Immun,1981(34):222-233.
[52] Akerley B J, Monack D M, Falkow S, et al. The bvgAS locus negatively controls motility and synthesis of flagella in Bordetella bronchiseptica[J]. J Bacteriol,1992(174):980-990.
[53] Akerley B J, Cotter P A, Miller J F. Ectopic expression of the flagellar regulon alters development of the Bordetella-host interaction[J]. Cell,1995(80):611-620.
[54] Givaudan A, Lanois A. flhDC, the flagellar master operon of Xenorhabdus nematophilus: requirement for motility, lipolysis, extracellular hemolysis, and full virulence in insects[J]. J Bacteriol, 2000(182):107-115.
[55] Hay N A, Tipper D J, Gygi D, et al. A nonswarming mutant of Proteus mirabilis lacks the Lrp global transcriptional regulator[J]. J Bacteriol,1997(179):4741-4746.
[56] Lee S H, Butler S M, Camilli A. Selection for in vivo regulators of bacterial virulence[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2001(98):6889-6894.
[57] Sperandio V, Torres A G, Giron J A, et al. Quorum sensing is a global regulatory mechanism in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7[J]. J Bacteriol,2001(183):5187-5197.
[58] Krukonis E S, DiRita V J. From motility to virulence: sensing and responding to environmental signals in Vibrio cholerae[J]. Curr Opin Microbiol,2003(6):186-190.
[59] Liaw S J, Lai H C, Ho S W, et al. Role of RsmA in the regulation of swarming motility and virulence factor expression in Proteus mirabilis[J]. J Med Microbiol,2003(52):19-28.
[60] Xu Q, Dziejman M, Mekalanos J J. Determination of the transcriptome of Vibrio cholerae during intraintestinal growth and midexponential phase in vitro[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2003(100):1286-1291.
[61] Lovell M A, Barrow P A. Intestinal colonisation of gnotobiotic pigs by Salmonella organisms: interaction between isogenic and unrelated strains[J]. J Med Microbiol,1999(48):907-916.
[62] Jones B D, Lee C A, Falkow S. Invasion by Salmonella typhimurium is affected by the direction of flagellar rotation[J]. Infect Immun,1992(60):2475-2480.
[63] Tans-Kersten J, Huang H, Allen C. Ralstonia solanacearum needs motility for invasive virulence on tomato[J]. Journal of bacteriology, 2001, 183(12):3597-3605.
[64] Sandra d W, Vermeiren H, Mulders I H M, et al. Flagella-driven chemotaxis towards exudate components is an important trait for tomato root colonization by Pseudomonas fluorescens[J]. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions,2002,15(11):1173-80
[65] 江威,牛彝,王琦.蜡样芽孢杆菌B905趋化性cheA基因的克隆及其定殖相关性[A]. 中国植物病理学会.中国植物病理学会2007年学术年会论文集[C].中国植物病理学会:,2007:1.
[66] 王淼,张莉,刘瑛,等.趋化性参与内生细菌336x在小麦根系的内生定殖[J].河南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,06:736-741.