冬瓜果肉叶绿素含量遗传分析

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0061

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对冬瓜果肉叶绿素含量遗传规律进行分析，以期为冬瓜果肉颜色控制基因的挖掘和果肉颜色的改良育种奠定基础。以冬瓜果肉白色纯化自交系(LT-1)为P₁，果肉绿色纯化自交系(LT-2)为P₂，构建四代遗传群体(P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂)，利用主基因+多基因混合模型的遗传分析方法，通过分析主基因和多基因对冬瓜果肉种的叶绿素含量影响，探究冬瓜果肉叶绿素含量的遗传规律。结果表明，冬瓜果肉中叶绿素含量是由2对加性—显性—上位性主基因+加性显性多基因遗传模型调控，F₂分离群体中的主效基因遗传率为82.0696%，第一对主基因的加性效应d_a为-1.477，显性效应h_a为-1.465，且显性度h_a/d_a接近1，第二对主基因的加性效应d_b和显性效应h_b分别为-0.835、-0.715，显性度h_a/d_a同样接近1。说明在同一对主基因中加性效应和显性效应对叶绿素含量的遗传控制同样重要，2对主基因的加性效应和显性效应均为负值，起减效作用。在F₂世代中，要提高叶绿素含量，应该重视主基因的遗传效应，同时利用加性效应和显性效应。

关键词: 冬瓜, 果肉叶绿素, 果肉颜色, 主基因+多基因, 遗传分析

Abstract:

The paper aims to explore the genetic law of chlorophyll content in wax gourd flesh and lay a foundation for improving wax gourd breeding concerning flesh color regulating gene. Genetic groups P₁, P₂, F₁ and F₂ were obtained by using white flesh purified inbred line (LT-1) as P₁ and green flesh purified inbred line (LT-2) as P₂. Using the genetic analysis method of main gene plus polygene mixed model, the genetic law of chlorophyll content in wax gourd flesh was explored by analyzing the effects of main gene and polygene on chlorophyll content of wax gourd flesh. The results showed that the chlorophyll content in wax gourd flesh was regulated by two pairs of additive- dominant- epistatic major genes plus additive dominant polygenic genetic model. In F₂ population, the heritability of the main gene was 82.0696%. The additive effect d_a of the first pair of major genes was -1.477, and the dominant effect h_a was -1.465, and the dominance degree h_a/d_a was close to 1. The second additive effect on major genes d_b was -0.835 and the dominant effect h_b was -0.715, and the dominance degree h_a/d_a was close to 1. It showed that additive effect and dominant effect were equally important for genetic control of chlorophyll content in the same pair of main genes. The additive and dominant effects of the two pairs of major genes were negative, which played a reducing effect. Therefore, to increase chlorophyll content in F₂ generation, we should pay attention to the genetic effect of main genes, and use additive effect and dominant effect at the same time.

Key words: wax gourd, flesh chlorophyll, flesh color, major gene plus polygene, genetic analysis

中图分类号:

S642.3

苟纪权, 苏丽文, 程志魁, 黄小春, 吴雯婷, 吕海旋, 刘政国. 冬瓜果肉叶绿素含量遗传分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(1): 45-50.

GOU Jiquan, SU Liwen, CHENG Zhikui, HUANG Xiaochun, WU Wenting, LV Haixuan, LIU Zhengguo. Genetic Analysis of Chlorophyll Content in the Flesh of Wax Gourd[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(1): 45-50.

图/表 7

参考文献 39

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群体	株数	平均值/(μg/g)	最低值/(μg/g)	最高值/(μg/g)	差值/(μg/g)	峰度	偏度
P₁	8	1.09±0.15	0.60	1.69	1.09	-0.67	0.48
P₂	7	6.78±0.32	5.77	7.65	1.88	-2.08	-0.06
F₁	12	2.13±0.35	1.06	3.30	2.24	-1.55	0.18
F₂	194	2.41±0.11	0.55	7.45	6.90	0.65	1.04

群体	株数	平均值/(μg/g)	最低值/(μg/g)	最高值/(μg/g)	差值/(μg/g)	峰度	偏度
P₁	8	1.09±0.15	0.60	1.69	1.09	-0.67	0.48
P₂	7	6.78±0.32	5.77	7.65	1.88	-2.08	-0.06
F₁	12	2.13±0.35	1.06	3.30	2.24	-1.55	0.18
F₂	194	2.41±0.11	0.55	7.45	6.90	0.65	1.04

模型	MLV值	AIC	模型	MLV值	AIC
1MG-A	-388	785.7558	MX1-AD-ADI	-348	712.5784
1MG-AD	-361	733.4982	MX1-EAD-AD	-371	753.0085
1MG-EAD	-362	734.4564	MX1-NCD-AD	-351	713.2881
1MG-NCD	-399	807.5360	MX2-A-AD	-370	746.8378
2MG-A	-380	769.3349	MX2-AD-AD	-341	691.6910
2MG-AD	-341	696.0086	MX2-ADI-AD	-335	688.0900
2MG-ADI	-337	696.6345	MX2-ADI-ADI	-335	694.4754
2MG-CD	-344	697.5490	MX2-CD-AD	-366	738.7573
2MG-EA	-380	767.3349	MX2-EA-AD	-370	744.8320
2MG-EAD	-350	707.0548	MX2-EAD-AD	-344	692.5660
MX1-A-AD	-370	752.8922	PG-AD	-382	773.9715
MX1-AD-AD	-351	715.2881	PG-ADI	-366	743.4832

模型	MLV值	AIC	模型	MLV值	AIC
1MG-A	-388	785.7558	MX1-AD-ADI	-348	712.5784
1MG-AD	-361	733.4982	MX1-EAD-AD	-371	753.0085
1MG-EAD	-362	734.4564	MX1-NCD-AD	-351	713.2881
1MG-NCD	-399	807.5360	MX2-A-AD	-370	746.8378
2MG-A	-380	769.3349	MX2-AD-AD	-341	691.6910
2MG-AD	-341	696.0086	MX2-ADI-AD	-335	688.0900
2MG-ADI	-337	696.6345	MX2-ADI-ADI	-335	694.4754
2MG-CD	-344	697.5490	MX2-CD-AD	-366	738.7573
2MG-EA	-380	767.3349	MX2-EA-AD	-370	744.8320
2MG-EAD	-350	707.0548	MX2-EAD-AD	-344	692.5660
MX1-A-AD	-370	752.8922	PG-AD	-382	773.9715
MX1-AD-AD	-351	715.2881	PG-ADI	-366	743.4832

候选模型	世代	U₁²	P(U₁²)	U₂²	P(U₂²)	U₃²	P(U₃²)	nW²	P(nW²)	D_n	P(D_n)
MX2-AD-AD	P₁	1.3099	0.2524	0.6837	0.4083	1.2662	0.2605	0.2027	0.2644	0.3392	0.3206
	F₁	2.4466	0.1178	3.4344	0.0639	1.8358	0.1754	0.2539	0.1893	0.4047	0.2129
	P₂	0.7294	0.3931	1.3239	0.2499	1.6762	0.1954	0.1240	0.4848	0.3260	0.4502
	F₂	0.3514	0.5533	0.2044	0.6512	0.2379	0.6257	0.1308	0.4575	0.0609	0.4536
MX2-ADI-AD	P₁	0.0182	0.8927	0.0034	0.9532	0.5737	0.4488	0.0512	0.8691	0.2084	0.8660
	F₁	0.0184	0.8920	0.5661	0.4518	6.1699	0.0130^*	0.1375	0.4327	0.2811	0.6370
	P₂	0.0153	0.9017	0.5328	0.4654	5.9593	0.0146^*	0.1436	0.4117	0.2981	0.5632
	F₂	0.0460	0.8301	0.0311	0.8599	0.0156	0.9005	0.0479	0.8893	0.0396	0.9115
MX2-EAD-AD	P₁	1.3561	0.2442	0.6374	0.4247	1.7339	0.1879	0.2292	0.2214	0.3679	0.2343
	F₁	2.8491	0.0914	3.6451	0.0562	1.2090	0.2715	0.2799	0.1609	0.3942	0.2384
	P₂	0.8507	0.3563	1.2362	0.2662	0.7657	0.3815	0.1185	0.5080	0.3102	0.5124
	F₂	0.5132	0.4738	0.4926	0.4828	0.0011	0.9737	0.1540	0.3789	0.0550	0.5850