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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (18): 62-69.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0648

所属专题： 生物技术； 园艺

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑皮冬瓜干物质和养分吸收与分配的动态规律

焦加斌1,2(), 陈晓东1, 郑朝元2, 陈潇1, 常静静1, 宋钊1, 谢大森1, 何裕志1, 张白鸽1()   

  1. 1广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,广东省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验室,广州 510640
    2福建农林大学资源与环境学院国际镁营养研究所,福州 350002
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-01 修回日期:2021-10-13 出版日期:2022-06-25 发布日期:2022-07-14
  • 通讯作者: 张白鸽
  • 作者简介:焦加斌,男,1995年出生,陕西安康人,在读硕士,研究方向：农业资源开发与利用。通信地址：350002 福建省福州市仓山区上下店路15号 福建农林大学资源与环境学院国际镁营养研究所,Tel：591-86396189,E-mail： 1064195310@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“镁调控果实同化物运转影响大型冬瓜果形品质的生理机制”(32002137);广东省重点领域研发计划“优质加工型蔬菜新品种选育”(2020B020220003);广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队建设项目(202103TD)

Dynamics of Dry Matter and Nutrient Absorption and Distribution of Black Wax Gourd

JIAO Jiabin1,2(), CHEN Xiaodong1, ZHENG Chaoyuan2, CHEN Xiao1, CHANG Jingjing1, SONG Zhao1, XIE Dasen1, HE Yuzhi1, ZHANG Baige1()   

  1. 1Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vegetable New Technology Research, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640
    2International Magnesium Nutrition Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002
  • Received:2021-07-01 Revised:2021-10-13 Online:2022-06-25 Published:2022-07-14
  • Contact: ZHANG Baige

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摘要：

为明确冬瓜干物质和氮磷钾钙镁养分的累积与分配动态规律,为冬瓜精准施肥提供科学依据。以大型黑皮冬瓜‘铁柱2号’为供试品种,分别于苗期、花期、初果期、膨果期和成熟期5个生育期,取植株叶片、叶柄、茎秆和果实4个部位,测定干物质和氮磷钾钙镁养分含量。冬瓜地上部干物质积累呈现“S”型曲线,整个生育期地上部干物质积累量为4903 kg/hm2,果实干物质累积量为3438 kg/hm2,收获指数0.7。冬瓜的养分吸收总量表现为K>N>Ca>P>Mg,分别为293、104、103、24和20 kg/hm2。冬瓜中氮、钾、钙、镁的累积量均在初果期时达到最大,分别占冬瓜整个生育周期吸收总量的39.9%、32.7%、30.1%和40.9%。磷的养分吸收主要是在成熟期,占冬瓜整个生育周期吸收总量的47.6%。冬瓜各生育期的养分需求总量和比例各不相同,应当根据栽培目标及时调整施肥策略,初果期是冬瓜高产需肥的关键时期,应当重视坐果后钙镁的补充。

关键词: 黑皮冬瓜, 干物质, 养分吸收, 养分分配, 动态规律

Abstract:

The aims are to clarify the accumulation and distribution dynamics of dry matter (DW) and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) of wax gourd, and provide a scientific basis for precise fertilization of wax gourd. The large black wax gourd ‘Tiezhu No. 2’ was used as the material in this study. Four plant sites, including leaf, petiole, stem and fruit, were collected at seedling stage, flowering stage, fruit setting stage, fruit expanding stage and fruit mature stage, respectively. The DW and N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents were measured. The accumulation of DW in the shoot of wax gourd showed an “S” shaped curve. The total accumulation of DW in the shoot was 4903 kg/hm2, the DW accumulation in the fruit was 3438 kg/hm2 and the harvest index was 0.7 in the whole growth period. The total nutrient absorption exhibited a trend of K>N>Ca>P>Mg, and the amount of N, P, K, Ca and Mg was 293 kg/hm2, 104 kg/hm2, 103 kg/hm2, 24 kg/hm2 and 20 kg/hm2, respectively. The accumulation of N, K, Ca and Mg reached the peak at the fruit setting stage, accounting for 39.9%, 32.7%, 30.1% and 40.9% of their total absorbed amounts in the whole growth period, respectively. The P absorption was mainly at the mature stage, accounting for 47.6% of its total absorption in the whole growth period. The total amount and proportion of nutrients demanded in each growth stage of wax gourd are different, so the fertilization strategy should be adjusted in time according to the target of cultivation. Fruit setting stage is particularly important for high yield and fertilizer efficiency of wax gourd, and great attention should be paid to the supplement of Ca and Mg after fruit setting.

Key words: black wax gourd, dry matter, nutrient absorption, nutrient distribution, dynamics

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