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中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (29): 158-162.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050176

所属专题: 小麦 农业气象

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

渭北旱原东部小麦干旱特征及其调控

洪晓强   

  1. 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院
  • 收稿日期:2015-05-28 修回日期:2015-07-02 接受日期:2015-07-06 出版日期:2015-10-28 发布日期:2015-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 洪晓强
  • 基金资助:
    农业科技推广模式建设项目“合阳旱农试验示范”(XTG2009-24)。

Wheat Drought Characteristics in Eastern Weibei Plateau and Its Regulation

  • Received:2015-05-28 Revised:2015-07-02 Accepted:2015-07-06 Online:2015-10-28 Published:2015-10-28

摘要: 为了弄清渭北旱原小麦生育期土壤干旱特征,采取相应的抗旱保水措施,根据渭北旱原东部合阳土壤水分实测资料,计算各项干旱特征值。结果表明:当地土壤水分干旱线为14.1%,小麦从3 月上旬到8 月上旬均处于干旱线以下。在干旱年份,土壤剖面大部分土层都为极大干旱等级,最小干旱程度为22.8%,导致小麦青干减产。小麦全生育期亏缺量203.0 mm,水分满足率只有61.9%;耗水量约300~340 mm,其中50%~65%来源于生育期间的降水。从试验可以看出,各年型的农田水分平衡值均为负值,说明本区小麦生育期的水分条件较差,据此提出深耕蓄水、夏闲期秸秆覆盖、机械化保护性耕作、合理施肥等水分调控措施。

关键词: 多克隆卡那霉素, 多克隆卡那霉素, 人工抗原, 碳二亚胺法, 戊二醛法抗体。

Abstract: In order to clarify the soil characteristics of wheat in Weibei plateau and adopt corresponding water conservation measures, the author calculated the drought characteristics values according to the original soil moisture data in Heyang County, eastern Weibei. The results showed that the soil moisture arid line was 14.1%, and the wheat was below the dry line from early March to early August. In the dry years, the soil profiles of most soil layers were of great drought degree, and the minimum drought degree was 22.8%, resulting in the dry output of wheat. During the whole growth period of winter wheat, deficit ullage was 203.0 mm, water content ratio was only 61.9% , water consumption was about 300- 340 mm, 50%- 65% of it came from precipitation during the growing period. From the test, we could see that water balance values were negative in the type of field, indicating poor water conditions in the wheat growth period. Based on the results, the author puts forward the control measures such as summer fallow period, straw coverage, mechanized conservation tillage and reasonable fertilization.