关键词: 土壤抗冲性, 土壤抗冲性, 干湿交替, 坡耕地

Abstract: To understand the effects of vegetable planting patterns on soil properties and vegetable continuous cropping, vegetable lands with five planting patterns (rice vegetables continuous cropping, open vegetables- rice rotation, open vegetables, winter greenhouse vegetables summer open vegetables and perennial greenhouse vegetables) and two vegetable planting years (5-10 year and 10-20 year) were selected for studying variations of soil quality and vegetable continuous cropping obstacles in vegetable lands with varying cultivation years and the planting patterns. Agricultural lands with long-term cultivated rice and other grain crops were also selected for comparison. The results showed that plantation of vegetables increased soil bulk density. As compared with the agricultural lands with long-term cultivated rice, three planting patterns such as open vegetables, open vegetables- rice rotation, and rice vegetables continuous cropping were favorable to the improvement of soil structure. But the long-term cultivation of greenhouse vegetables could lead to the deterioration of soil structure. After planting vegetables, soil acidity increased, organic carbon decreased, and phosphorus, nitrogen, available potassium and salt increased significantly. The effect was more obvious in greenhouse vegetable field than that in open vegetable field. The accumulation of soil phosphorus, nitrogen and available potassium and soil acidification, and activities of soil catalase, phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase increased with the increasing planting years. The main types of continuous cropping obstacles of vegetable field in the study area were disease, underground insect pest and deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties. The occurrence proportion of continuous cropping obstacle of vegetable increased with increasing planting years, and increased in the sequence of rice vegetables continuous cropping< open vegetables- rice rotation< open vegetables< winter greenhouse vegetables summer open vegetables< perennial greenhouse vegetables. It was concluded that the rotation of vegetable and rice could reduce the occurrence of the vegetable continuous cropping obstacle.