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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (14): 126-132.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120062

所属专题： 园艺； 农业生态

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

河北省平原地区无公害蔬菜产地土壤镉环境安全性预警

王 凌1,宋泽峰2,贡冬梅3,贾文竹4,孙世友1,耿 暖1,茹淑华1,刘孟朝1,张国印1   

  1. (1河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,石家庄 050051；2石家庄市经济学院资源环境研究所,石家庄 050031；3河北省永年县农牧局,河北永年 057150；4河北省土壤肥料总站,石家庄 050021）
  • 收稿日期:2015-12-10 修回日期:2016-04-27 接受日期:2016-03-17 出版日期:2016-05-17 发布日期:2016-05-17
  • 通讯作者: 王凌
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划“华北集约化农区农业面源污染防控技术集成与示范”(2012BAD15B02)；河北省自然科学基金项目“超累积型转基因植物对重金属污染土壤的生物修复研究”(C2013301068)；国土资源部地质调查项目“河北省平原区无公害蔬菜基地安全预警及优化布局研究”(200040007-3-11)；石家庄科学技术研究与发展计划“设施蔬菜安全生产下新型根际微生物PGPR制剂的开发与研制”(141490872A)。

Security Early Warning of Cadmium in Non-Environmental Pollution Vegetable Soil in Hebei Plain

Wang Ling1, Song Zefeng2, Gong Dongmei3, Jia Wenzhu4, Sun Shiyou1,   

  1. Geng Nuan1, Ru Shuhua1, Liu Mengchao1, Zhang Guoyin1(1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Shijiazhuang, 050051;2Institute of Resources and Environment, Shijiazhuang University of Economics, Shijiazhuang, 050031; 3Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Yongnian, Yongnian Hebei 057150; 4Soil and Fertilizer Station of Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050021)
  • Received:2015-12-10 Revised:2016-04-27 Accepted:2016-03-17 Online:2016-05-17 Published:2016-05-17

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摘要： 通过野外调查采样、室内分析与GIS制图相结合的综合研究方法，对河北省平原地区无公害蔬菜基地未来20年土壤镉的安全性进行预测预警。结果表明：河北省平原地区无公害蔬菜产地土壤中的镉，以大气干湿沉降为最主要的外源输入方式，其贡献率达66.36%。镉元素输出通量中以根菜类蔬菜为最高，叶菜类次之，果菜类蔬菜输出通量最低。通过对区内土壤镉累积量的预测，未来20年河北省平原地区无公害蔬菜基地土壤镉累积含量预测值仍符合现行国标(GB/T 18407.1—2001)要求，但20年后研究区内表层土壤中镉元素含量升幅明显，以每10年高于30%的速度累积，20年后是目前含量的1.6倍，累积量明显增加的区域集中在河北中东部地区，且露地蔬菜种植区土壤镉的净增量是设施蔬菜种植区3.7倍。说明河北省露地蔬菜土壤中由大气干湿沉降输入的镉元素对无公害蔬菜产地构成潜在威胁，需对现行生产加以严格的动态监测管理及污染源头控制，并针对预测含量高的区域进行不同蔬菜种植模式（露地或设施）的区域优化布局。

关键词: 初霜, 初霜, 环流分型, 预报指标

Abstract: Security early warning of heavy metal in non-environmental pollution vegetable soil in Hebei Plain for the coming 20 years was carried out by synthetic research methods of field survey, chemical examination in lab and GIS. The results showed that atmospheric wet and dry deposition were the most important exogenesis input way of Cd in vegetable soil in Hebei Plain, and its contribution accounted for 66.36%. The sequence of output fluxes of Cd was root vegetables> leaf vegetables> fruit vegetables. The forecasting data of Cd accumulation in the non-environmental pollution vegetable soil in Hebei Plain 20 years later would conform to the national standard (the People’s Republic of China Safety qualification for agricultural product-environmental requirements for origin of non-environmental pollution vegetable GB/T 18407.1—2001), the content of Cd in the surface soil 20 years later would be 1.6 times as much as that of present, accumulated by the speed of 30% every decade. Areas with obviously cumulative quantity increase would concentrate in the central and eastern regions in Hebei. Moreover, the content of Cd in soil without greenhouse would be 3.7 times as much as that in greenhouse. To sum up, Cd in soil from atmospheric wet and dry deposition in Hebei Plain would potentially threaten the non-environmental pollution vegetable areas, therefore we should carry out strict and dynamic monitoring and pollution source control. Furthermore, the regional layout of different vegetable planting patterns (open field vegetables or greenhouse vegetables) should be optimized according to the cumulative quantity increase.