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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (25): 34-39.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010127

所属专题： 园艺

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

华南地区主要蔬菜氮肥肥料利用率研究

王荣萍,余炜敏,李淑仪,梁嘉伟,廖新荣、,詹振寿   

  1. 1.广东省生态环境与土壤研究所/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室 2. 佛山市环保技术与装备研发专业中心,广东省生态环境与土壤研究所/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,广东省生态环境与土壤研究所/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,广东省生态环境与土壤研究所/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,1. 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室;2.佛山市环保技术与装备研发专业中心;,广东省生态环境与土壤研究所/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2016-01-26 修回日期:2016-04-26 接受日期:2016-06-06 出版日期:2016-08-29 发布日期:2016-08-29
  • 通讯作者: 廖新荣、
  • 基金资助:
    ：广州市珠江科技新星专项“广州市主要蔬菜标准化施肥关键技术研究与示范”(2011J2200028)；广东省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项“特色蔬菜创新团队岗位专家建设任务”（粤财农[2012]282 号）；广东省农业科技研究团队项目“农作物健康低碳栽培与营养调控技术研究与示范”(2012A020100004)；广州市科技计划项目“广州市集约化菜地氮磷养分损失定量化及其阻控技术研究”(7411838757586)；省院合作“华南不同类型土壤累积态磷素生物活化关键技术研究”(2013B091500016)。

Nitrogen Use Efficiencies of Main Vegetables in South China

王荣萍,,,,廖新荣、 and   

  • Received:2016-01-26 Revised:2016-04-26 Accepted:2016-06-06 Online:2016-08-29 Published:2016-08-29

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摘要： 为了解决华南地区蔬菜高效生产问题，以华南地区主要蔬菜为试验材料，采用“3414”试验方法对主要蔬菜的氮肥肥料利用率进行了研究。总结近年来在华南地区蔬菜生产区进行的田间试验结果，分析目前蔬菜生产条件下氮肥偏生产力、农学效率、氮肥表观利用率、生理效率以及肥料和地力对蔬菜产量的贡献率。结果表明，叶菜氮肥偏生产力为173.1 kg/kg，农学效率为38.3 kg/kg，表观利用率为18.4%，生理利用率为291.5 kg/kg，肥料贡献率为38.6%，地力贡献率为61.4%；瓜类蔬菜氮肥偏生产力为145.5 kg/kg，农学效率为55.6 kg/kg，表观利用率为19.7%，生理利用率为315.3 kg/kg，肥料贡献率为36.6%，地力贡献率为63.4%；豆角氮肥偏生产力为204.5 kg/kg，农学效率为42.4 kg/kg，表观利用率为19.6%，生理利用率为228.4 kg/kg，肥料利用率为20.6%，地力贡献率为79.5%。从肥料利用率分布频率可以看出，叶菜氮肥表观利用率小于10%的试验样本有40 个，占总数34%，处于10%~20%的样本有43个，占总数36%，处于20%~30%的试验样本有19 个，占总数16%，大于30%的试验样本有16 个，占总数14%；瓜类蔬菜氮肥利用率小于10%的样本有48 个，占总数31%，处于10%~20%的样本有51 个，占总数33%，处于20%~30%的样本有32 个，占总数21%，大于30%的试验样本有25 个，占总数15%；豆类蔬菜氮肥利用率小于10%的试验样本有54 个，占总数39%，处于10%~20%的样本有36 个，占总数26%，处于20%~30%的样本有23 个，占总数17%，大于30%的试验样本有26 个，占总数18%。氮肥利用率小于30%的试验样本占总样本的80%以上，表明在目前蔬菜生产条件下各类蔬菜的氮肥利用率较低。生产上需同时解决蔬菜产量及肥料利用效率提高的问题。

关键词: 芦笋, 芦笋, 二次饱和D, 生育指数

Abstract: To explore efficient vegetable production in south China, experiments were conducted to investigate the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of major vegetables in south China using the“3414”experimental method. We conducted field experiments in vegetable production areas in south China, and analyzed the partial factor productivity (PEPN), agronomic efficiency (NAE), apparent recovery efficiency (AREN), physiological efficiency (NPE), fertilizer contribution rate (FCR) and soil contribution rate (SCR) of nitrogen fertilizers in vegetables under the experimental conditions. The average values of PEPN, NAE, AREN, NPE, FCR and SCR were as follows: in leafy vegetables: 173.1 kg/kg, 38.3 kg/kg, 18.4% , 291.5 kg/kg, 38.6% and 61.4% , respectively; in gourd vegetables: 145.5 kg/kg, 55.6 kg/kg, 19.7% , 315.3 kg/kg, 36.6% and 63.4% , respectively; and in leguminous vegetables: 204.5 kg/kg, 42.4 kg/kg, 19.6%, 228.4 kg/kg, 20.6%, 79.5%, respectively. Different vegetables showed a different distribution in nutrient use efficiency percentage. In leafy vegetables, 40 samples (34%) had AREN＜10%, 43 samples (36%) had AREN of 10%-20%, 19 samples (16%) showed 20%-30% AREN, 16 samples (14%) had AREN ＞ 30%. In gourd vegetables, 48 samples (31%) had AREN＜10%, 51 samples (33%) had 10%-20% AREN, 32 samples (21%) showed 20%-30% AREN, and 25 samples (15%) had AREN＞30%. In leguminous vegetables, 54 samples (39%) had AREN ＜ 10%, 36 samples (26%) had 10%-20% AREN, 23 samples (17%) had 20%-30% AREN, and 26 samples (18%) had AREN＞30% . More than 80% of samples showed less than 30% AREN, suggesting that under current conditions, the nitrogen use efficiency of each type of vegetable was low. Issues such as high yield and improvements in nutrient use efficiency need to be addressed simultaneously during vegetable production.