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中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (29): 91-96.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030110

所属专题: 油料作物

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮量对花生产质量及氮肥利用率的影响

司贤宗,张 翔   

  1. 河南省农业科学院 植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南省农业科学院 植物营养与资源环境研究所
  • 收稿日期:2016-03-15 修回日期:2016-04-08 接受日期:2016-04-25 出版日期:2016-10-12 发布日期:2016-10-12
  • 通讯作者: 张 翔
  • 基金资助:
    河南省花生产业技术体系“耕作栽培岗位”(S2012-05-G02);河南省农业科学院自主创新专项基金“花生专用型精准定量肥料作用机理与 效果研究”;河南省重大科技攻关项目“河南省花生营养高效管理技术研究与应用”(122101110600)。

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Peanut Yield and Quality and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency

  • Received:2016-03-15 Revised:2016-04-08 Accepted:2016-04-25 Online:2016-10-12 Published:2016-10-12

摘要: 采用大田裂区随机区组设计试验,研究了施氮量对不同品种花生产质量和氮肥利用率的影响,以期为豫南砂姜黑土区花生高产优质和氮肥高效利用提供合理的施氮依据。研究结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,不同花生品种荚果产量均呈增加趋势,施氮量为180 kg/hm2时,豫花23、远杂9102和远杂6的花生产量均最高,分别比不施氮的增产30.45%、25.96%和21.46%;随着施氮量的增加,豫花23花生仁中蛋白质含量和粗脂肪含量均呈抛物线变化趋势,而远杂6和远杂9102花生仁中蛋白质含量呈增加趋势,粗脂肪含量呈降低趋势;除了施氮降低远杂6和远杂9102花生仁中蛋氨酸含量外,施氮均能增加其他花生蛋白质组分的含量;远杂9102的氮利用率最高,为36.7%;豫花23的农学效率和氮肥偏生产力均最大,分别为6.9 kg/kg和36.9 kg/kg。本试验条件下,豫花23、远杂6适宜的施氮量为180kgN/hm2,花生产量分别为5330.36 kg/hm2、5002.98 kg/hm2,远杂9102适宜的施氮量为135 kgN/hm2,花生产量为5199.40 kg/hm2。

关键词: ‘阳光女孩’, ‘阳光女孩’, 嫁接繁育, 拐角现象

Abstract: In order to achieve high yield and good quality of peanut production and high utilization efficiency of nitrogen in Shajiang black soil area of southern Henan, the effects of nitrogen application rate on peanut yield and quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency were studied by field experiments with split- plot randomized block design. The results showed that pods yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate for all peanut varieties. The highest pods yield appeared under nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/hm2 for‘Yuhua 23’,‘Yuanza 9102’and‘Yuanza 6’, whose pods yield increased by 30.45%, 25.96% and 21.46% in comparing with that of CK respectively. Peanut protein and crude fat content of‘Yuhua 23’ exhibited a parabola trend with the increase of nitrogen application rate. However, the protein content increased and the crude fat content decreased in‘Yuanza 6’and‘Yuanza 9102’. Nitrogen application could reduce methionine content in peanut kernel in‘Yuanza 6’and‘Yuanza 9102’, and increase other protein components content in other varieties.‘Yuanza 9102’had the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency of 36.7%. ‘Yuhua 23’had the highest nitrogen agronomy efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity of 6.9 kg/kg and 36.9 kg/kg, respectively. Under the experimental condition, the appropriate nitrogen application rate for ‘Yuhua 23’and‘Yuanza 6’was 180 kg/hm2, and peanut yield was 5330.36 and 5002.98 kg/hm2, respectively. The appropriate nitrogen application rate for‘Yuanza 9102’was 135 kg/hm2 with peanut yield of 5199.40 kg/hm2.

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