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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (24): 141-145.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050136

所属专题： 生物技术

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

餐厨垃圾二步法堆肥发酵工艺及施肥技术的优化

许文江1,章明清2,郑晓倩3,张振民4   

  1. (1福建省亚热带植物研究所,福建厦门 361006；2福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福州 350013；3福建省亚热带植物生理生化重点实验室,福建厦门 361006；4厦门出入境检验检疫局,福建厦门 361012）
  • 收稿日期:2016-05-23 修回日期:2016-06-14 接受日期:2016-06-24 出版日期:2016-08-29 发布日期:2016-08-29
  • 通讯作者: 许文江
  • 基金资助:
    国家农业科技成果转化项目“有机农业新技术的应用”(2014GB2C410092)；厦门市科技计划“新型污泥肥料快速发酵及内外菌衣工艺的研究”(3502Z20092002)，“有机生活垃圾堆肥新技术的应用”(3502Z20151259)。

Optimization of Two-step Compost of Kitchen Wastes and Fertilization Technique

Xu Wenjiang1, Zhang Mingqing2, Zheng Xiaoqian3, Zhang Zhenmin4   

  1. (1Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen Fujian 361006;2Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou 350013;3Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Xiamen Fujian 361006;4Xiamen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Xiamen Fujian 361012)
  • Received:2016-05-23 Revised:2016-06-14 Accepted:2016-06-24 Online:2016-08-29 Published:2016-08-29

PDF (PC)

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摘要： 为了研究餐厨垃圾快速堆肥及施肥降污技术，采用二次添加腐熟菌株、二步堆肥发酵温度52.5、57.5℃的堆肥工艺，通过丝瓜田间种植试验，探讨餐厨有机肥料的适宜用量以及降低菜田氮磷淋失的效果。结果表明：二步法堆肥工艺的蛋白酶、蔗糖酶酶活性比对照工艺平均高出24%和56%，堆肥生产时间减少了40%；堆肥终点的种子发芽率指数达到83%、水的质量分数为29%，符合堆肥腐熟指标。配施餐厨有机肥的丝瓜产量比对照施肥增产2409 kg/hm2，增产率为11.3%；土柱渗漏水氮和总磷质量浓度比对照施肥处理减少6.5%和7.8%。可见，二步法堆肥工艺明显缩短了堆肥生产时间，配施餐厨有机肥有利于丝瓜增产和降低菜田氮磷淋失。

关键词: HACCP 原理, HACCP 原理, 农产品质量安全, 风险因子, 监控体系, 监测能力建设, 稻谷

Abstract: In order to study the rapid composting of kitchen wastes and pollution reduction technology, the compost technology of adding rotten microbial twice and two-step compost at 52.5 and 57.5℃ was adopted, the suitable application amount and the effect of leaching loss reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus were studied by luffa field experiment. The results showed that the activity of protease and sucrose increased by 24% and 56% under two-step compost compared with that under CK, the compost time decreased by 40%. At the end of compost, the germination rate of luffa seeds reached 83% and the quality fraction of water was 29%, which met the level of compost. Combined application of chemical fertilizer and kitchen organic fertilizer could increase the yield of luffa by 2409 kg/hm2, the growth rate of was 11.3%. The total N and total P concentration in leaching water of earth pillar decreased by 6.5% and 7.8%, respectively, compared with that of CK. The results showed that two-step compost could reduce the compost time obviously, and the combined application of kitchen waste could increase luffa yield and decrease the leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus.