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中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (33): 70-74.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070031

所属专题: 玉米 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

麦茬直播夏玉米产量限制因素与高产技术研究

陶静静,王宜伦,张 博,王海标   

  1. 河南农业大学资源与环境学院/河南粮食作物协同创新中心,河南农业大学资源与环境学院/河南粮食作物协同创新中心,河南农业大学资源与环境学院/河南粮食作物协同创新中心,河南农业大学资源与环境学院/河南粮食作物协同创新中心
  • 收稿日期:2016-07-07 修回日期:2016-08-20 接受日期:2016-09-18 出版日期:2016-11-25 发布日期:2016-11-25
  • 通讯作者: 王宜伦
  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技成果转化计划(农业)项目“夏玉米高产高效施肥关键技术集成与示范”(142201110025)。

Limiting Factors and High-yield Technologies of Direct-seeding Summer Maize on Wheat Stubbles

  • Received:2016-07-07 Revised:2016-08-20 Accepted:2016-09-18 Online:2016-11-25 Published:2016-11-25

摘要: 为了探究麦茬直播夏玉米产量限制因素及高产技术,总结了黄淮海夏玉米生产情况、生产中存在的主要问题,分析了夏玉米生产中耕层浅薄土壤理化性状差、播种质量差缺苗断垄严重、水肥投入不合理肥料利用率低、灾害发生频繁玉米稳产性差、玉米收获偏早等高产限制因素,结合已有研究,提出了(1)深耕改土与秸秆直接还田,(2)合理密植、提高播种质量,(3)因土壤养分和玉米需求平衡施肥,(4)不同基因型玉米间作抗逆、综合防治病虫草害,(5)适时晚收等高产技术对策,以期为黄淮海麦茬直播夏玉米增产提供理论与技术依据。

关键词: 观赏草, 观赏草, 低维护管理, 生态园林, 入侵风险

Abstract: To explore the limiting factors and high-yield technologies of direct-seeding summer maize on wheat stubbles, this paper summarizes the production situation and main problems existing in the production of Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize, and analyzes the high-yield limiting factors, including thin plough layer and poor soil physical and chemical properties, poor sowing quality and serious sprout deficiency, unreasonable inputs of water and fertilizer and low fertilizer use efficiency, frequent disasters and poor stable yield, earlier harvest in summer maize production. Combining with the existing works, this paper puts forward technical strategies as follows: (1) deep tillage and direct straw returning; (2) reasonable compact planting and improving quality of sowing; (3) balanced fertilization based on soil nutrient and demand of maize; (4) the adversity resistance by intercropping different genotype maize and comprehensive prevention of insects pests and grass disaster; (5) delay the time of harvest.

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