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中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (36): 20-24.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100031

所属专题: 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同耕作方式对砂姜黑土理化性质和小麦产量的影响

李太魁,马政华,寇长林,张香凝,吕金岭,郭战玲,王洪斌   

  1. 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南省西平县土肥利用管理站
  • 收稿日期:2016-10-10 修回日期:2016-12-04 接受日期:2016-12-16 出版日期:2017-12-29 发布日期:2017-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 寇长林
  • 基金资助:
    “十二五”国家科技支撑计划“华北集约化农区农业面源污染防控技术集成与示范”(2012BAD15B02);农业部公益性行业科研专项“河南小麦-玉米轮作最佳养分管理技术模式与示范”(201103003)

Effect of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Properties and Wheat Yield in Shajiang Black Soil

  • Received:2016-10-10 Revised:2016-12-04 Accepted:2016-12-16 Online:2017-12-29 Published:2017-12-29

摘要: 为探讨砂姜黑土农田适宜的耕作方式,提升砂姜黑土农田地力及作物产量,发挥地域资源优势,以百农207为试验材料,通过田间试验,研究了免耕、旋耕(15cm)和深耕(30cm)3种耕作方式对砂姜黑土农田土壤容重、土壤含水量、硝态氮含量及小麦籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,在小麦越冬期和成熟期,3种耕作方式0~10cm土层土壤容重差异不显著(P>0.05),但深耕处理显著降低了10~40cm土层土壤容重(P<0.05)。在小麦苗期,3种耕作方式对0~40cm土层土壤含水量影响规律不明显(P>0.05),但在小麦越冬期、拔节期、成熟期,深耕处理显著增加了0~40cm土层土壤含水量(P<0.05)。在小麦成熟期,0~40cm土层土壤硝态氮含量均为免耕>旋耕>深耕。与免耕处理相比,深耕处理通过增加小麦穗粒数和千粒重,使籽粒产量增加9.79%。综合研究区的土壤性质、作物生长、自然环境等因素,小麦季30cm深耕可以降低土壤容重,增加土壤含水量,提高小麦籽粒产量,可作为砂姜黑土农田适宜的耕作方式。

关键词: 二化螟, 二化螟, 性诱剂, 诱捕器, 田间应用, 引诱活性

Abstract: To select appropriate tillage method and improve soil fertility and grain yield and develop regional resource superiority in shajiang black soil, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of 3 tillage methods [no tillage, rotary tillage (15 cm) and deep tillage (30 cm)] on soil bulk density, moisture, nitrate nitrogen and grain yield of winter wheat with‘Bainong207’as the material. The results showed that soil bulk density had no significant differences among the 3 tillage treatments in 0-10 cm soil layer (P >0.05), but deep tillage decreased soil bulk density in 10-40 cm soil layer significantly (P <0.05). The effect law of the 3 tillage treatments on 0-40 cm soil moisture was not obvious in wheat seedling period (P >0.05), but deep tillage significantly increased soil moisture of 0-40 cm soil layer in the wintering, jointing and maturity period (P < 0.05). In 0-40 cm soil layer, the order of soil nitrate nitrogen content was no tillage> rotary tillage> deep tillage at maturity stage. Compared with no tillage, deep tillage increased grain yield by 9.79% by increasing grain number and 1000-grain weight. In view of soil properties, crop growth and natural environment, the deep tillage (30 cm) was a better management practice for shajiang black soil to decrease soil bulk density, improve soil moisture and increase grain yield of winter wheat.

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