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中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 17-22.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100010

所属专题: 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

拔节和抽雄期水分胁迫对春玉米生长和产量的影响

任丽雯1, 刘明春1, 王兴涛1, 丁文魁1, 王润元2   

  1. 1.甘肃省武威市气象局;2.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所
  • 收稿日期:2017-10-09 修回日期:2018-07-26 接受日期:2018-08-07 出版日期:2019-01-02 发布日期:2019-01-02
  • 通讯作者: 任丽雯
  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业(气象)科研专项(重大专项)“干旱气象科学研究——我国北方干旱致灾过程及机理”(GYHY201506001-2);国家自然科学基金 项目“半干旱区作物干旱致灾过程特征及其若干阈值研究”(41275118);干旱基金“荒漠植物对干旱环境的适应机理及干旱阈值研究”(IAM2015070)。

Water Stress at Jointing and Tasseling Stage: Effect on Growth and Yield of Spring Maize

  • Received:2017-10-09 Revised:2018-07-26 Accepted:2018-08-07 Online:2019-01-02 Published:2019-01-02

摘要: 本试验设置了三种水分处理,包括CK(整个生育期供水充足)、T1(从拔节期开始控水,持续不灌水直至生育期结束)、T2(从抽雄期开始控水,持续不灌水直至生育期结束),讨论水分胁迫对玉米生长和产量的影响。结果表明:玉米株高和叶面积指数对拔节期水分胁迫T1处理比较敏感,T2处理下的影响不是很显著;水分胁迫作用下营养器官积累的干物质对籽粒的贡献率显著下降,特别是叶片和茎秆积累的产物下降明显,叶鞘的干物质积累量仅对T1处理比较敏感;水分胁迫对玉米的穗部性状影响较大,最终导致T1、T2处理较CK处理减产62.8%和37.8%;水分胁迫作用下,对产量影响大小的因子排序为穗粒数>穗长>百粒重>干物质转运率>穗粗>叶面积指数>生物量。

Abstract: We designed 3 water treatments including CK (normal irrigation treatment), T1 (water stress since jointing stage) and T2 (water stress since tasseling stage) to discuss the effect of water stress on maize growth and yield. The results showed that: plant height and LAI of maize were sensitive to water stress under T1 treatment and the effects under T2 treatment were not significant; the contribution rate of the accumulated dry matter of vegetative organ to grain decreased under water stress especially the accumulated dry matter of leaves and stems decreased significantly; the accumulated dry matter of leaf sheaths was only sensitive to T1 treatment; water stress had great influence on the ear characteristics of maize and finally caused the yield under T1 and T2 treatment decreased by 62.8% and 37.8% compared with CK. Under water stress treatment, the influence factors on yield have an order as grain number> ear length> 100- grain weight> dry matter transport rate> ear diameter> LAI> biomass.