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中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 11-19.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100106

所属专题: 油料作物

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

旱作向日葵垄膜种植降水蓄集效应及增产作用研究

高 宇, 任永峰, 张 剑, 刁升鹏, 赵沛义   

  1. 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 资源环境与检测技术研究所
  • 收稿日期:2017-10-30 修回日期:2018-06-20 接受日期:2018-06-22 出版日期:2019-02-22 发布日期:2019-02-22
  • 通讯作者: 赵沛义
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古科技计划项目“旱作农业关键技术研究与集成示范”(20150218) ;内蒙古农牧业科技创新基金项目“旱地作物水肥高效利用及合理 轮作技术研究”(CXJJ2017N12);国家“十二五”科技支撑项目“风沙半干旱区防蚀增效旱作农业技术集成与示范”(2012BAD09B02)。

Full Plastic Film Mulching on Double Riges of Dryland Sunflowers: Effect of Precipitation Accumulation and Yield Increasing

  • Received:2017-10-30 Revised:2018-06-20 Accepted:2018-06-22 Online:2019-02-22 Published:2019-02-22

摘要: 针对旱作区气候条件恶劣、抗旱减灾能力差和粮食低产不稳等突出问题,在阴山北麓典型旗县武川县以播种面积逐年扩大的向日葵为研究材料,通过3年试验监测对全覆膜双垄沟种植方式(FPM)的降水蓄集效应及增产作用进行了研究,并与垄作半覆膜(HPM)和平作不覆膜(NPM)两种种植方式比较,总结分析了垄膜种植技术的水分蓄积效应和增产作用机理。结果表明:FPM在株间和行间的年均土壤含水率分别较HPM和NPM提高了1.69、3.06和1.70、2.89个百分点;在不同强度的降雨条件下,FPM的土壤贮水量始终高于HPM和NPM,且在小雨条件下,蓄水保水能力效果最佳;在小雨、中雨和大雨时FPM与HPM、NPM比较分别能增加0.1-2.3倍和0.21-1.21倍的产流效果;FPM、HPM和NPM年均产量分别为3862.2、3326.9和2976.1Kg/hm2,FPM较HPM和NPM增产16.09和29.77%,不同处理水分利用效率均呈现FPM>HPM>NPM的规律,而耗水量与水分利用效率趋势相反,呈现NPM>HPM>FPM的规律。

Abstract: Aiming at severe climate conditions, poor abilities of drought resistance and disaster mitigation and unstable and low yield of grain in most dry land regions, the three-year research was designed to identify the effect of precipitation accumulation and yield increasing under full plastic-film mulching on double ridges (FPM) in Wuchuan County, north Yinshan Mountain, with sunflowers of increasing planting area year by year, and the cultivation mode was compared with half plastic-film mulching on ridges (HPM) and no plastic-film mulching (NPM). The results showed that: the annual average soil moisture content of FPM between plants and rows increased by 1.69, 3.06 and 1.70, 2.89 percentage points compared with those of HPM and NPM, respectively; the soil water storage of FPM were higher than that of HPM and NPM under different intensities of precipitation, and the best water storage ability was under the light rain condition. In light rain, moderate rain and heavy rain, FPM increased the output effect of 0.1-2.3 times and 0.21-1.21 times compared with HPM and NPM, respectively; the annual average output of FPM, HPM and NPM was 3862.2 kg/hm2, 3326.9 kg/hm2 and 2976.1 kg/hm2, respectively; the output of FPM increased by 16.09% and 29.77% compared with that of HPM and NPM; the water use efficiency was FPM>HPM>NPM, while the water consumption and water use efficiency trend were the opposite, which was NPM>HPM>FPM.