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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (17): 99-107.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030012

所属专题: 园艺

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同化肥减施技术对设施辣椒产量及养分吸收利用的影响

王秋君1, 郭德杰1, 马艳1(), 梁永红2, 仇美华2   

  1. 1 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京 210014
    2 江苏省耕地质量与农业环境保护站,南京 210036
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-04 修回日期:2019-06-19 出版日期:2020-06-15 发布日期:2020-06-09
  • 通讯作者: 马艳
  • 作者简介:王秋君,男,1983年出生,山西运城人,副研究员,博士,主要从事土壤养分管理方面的研究。通信地址:210014 南京市玄武区钟灵街50号,Tel:025-84391251,E-mail:wangqiujun461@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“黄淮暖温带区设施蔬菜化肥农药减施技术模式建立与示范”(2016YFD0201007);江苏省重点研发计划“蔬菜化学肥料和农药减量增效使用关键技术研究与示范”(BE2017379)

Reducing Chemical Fertilizer Techniques Affect Facilities Pepper Yield and Nutrient Absorption and Utilization

Wang Qiujun1, Guo Dejie1, Ma Yan1(), Liang Yonghong2, Qiu Meihua2   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environments, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014
    2 Jiangsu Station for Protection of Arable Land Quality and Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210036
  • Received:2019-03-04 Revised:2019-06-19 Online:2020-06-15 Published:2020-06-09
  • Contact: Ma Yan

摘要:

针对苏北地区设施辣椒生产中化肥施用过量的问题,在淮安市设施辣椒主产区通过连续2季的田间小区试验研究了2种化肥减施技术对辣椒产量及养分吸收利用的影响。化肥减施技术包括:以商品有机肥替代基肥化肥(OF)、追肥中施用滴灌专用水溶肥以减施化肥(RD)。研究结果表明,连续2季应用化肥减施技术后,OF和RD处理的产量较常规施肥处理分别增加了12.6%和30.2%。在第一季辣椒种植中,不同处理对辣椒植株各器官中氮、磷、钾养分含量未有显著影响;在第二季OF和RD处理均显著增加了辣椒果实中氮、磷、钾含量;且OF处理茎和叶中的氮、磷、钾含量都高于其他两个处理。在两季辣椒栽培中,两种化肥减施处理的化肥总养分偏生产力都显著高于常规施肥,其中OF处理的最高。以上结果说明,在本试验条件下,通过以商品有机肥替代基肥中部分化肥或者在追肥中以滴灌方式施用专用水溶肥均可在减施化肥条件下增产。

关键词: 设施辣椒, 化肥减施, 商品有机肥替代, 滴灌专用水溶肥, 养分吸收利用

Abstract:

Aiming at the excessive application of chemical fertilizers in the production of greenhouse pepper in north Jiangsu, we studied the effects of two fertilizer reduction techniques on pepper yield and nutrient absorption and utilization in Huaian for two consecutive seasons. The fertilizer reduction techniques included replacing the basal and chemical fertilizer with commercial organic fertilizer (OF) and reducing the application of chemical fertilizer in top dressing by applying special water-soluble fertilizer under drip irrigation (RD). The results showed that after reducing fertilizer for two consecutive seasons, the effect of OF and RD on yield increase was obvious, and the yield increased by 12.6% and 30.2%, respectively, as compared with the conventional fertilization treatment. In the first season of pepper planting, there was no significant change among different treatments in content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in various organs of pepper plants. In the second season of pepper planting, OF and RD treatment significantly increased the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in pepper fruits, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in stem and leaves of OF treatment were higher than that of the other two treatments. In the two seasons of pepper cultivation, the total nutrient utilization rate of the two techniques of reducing chemical fertilizer was significantly higher than that of the conventional treatment, and the OF treatment was the highest. The results indicate that under the condition of this experiment, the pepper yield could be improved through the two techniques of reducing chemical fertilizer.

Key words: pepper in greenhouse, reducing chemical fertilizer, commercial organic fertilizer replacement, special water-soluble fertilizer for drip irrigation, nutrient absorption and utilization

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