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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 145-151.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110176

所属专题： 棉花

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

机采棉模式下氮肥运筹对棉花产量和养分吸收的调控

龚双凤1,2,杨 涛2,陈宝燕2,马兴旺2,牛新湘2,娄善伟3   

  1. (1新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052；2新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091；3国家棉花工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830091）
  • 收稿日期:2014-11-30 修回日期:2014-12-08 接受日期:2014-12-11 出版日期:2015-05-06 发布日期:2015-05-06
  • 通讯作者: 杨涛
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“膜下滴灌棉花叶龄施肥SPAD诊断模式的建立及其对产量调控”(41361067)；新疆科技支撑项目“亩产籽棉600公斤高产高效技术研究与示范”(201231102)；国家科技支撑计划课题“适度规模下机采棉机艺融合关键技术研究与集成示范”(2014BAD09B04)；国家科技支撑计划课题“棉花高产高效关键技术研究与示范”(2014BAD111302)。

Regulation of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management of Cotton Yield and Nutrient Uptake Under the Machine Pick Cotton Pattern

Nutrient Uptake Under the Machine Pick Cotton Pattern   

  1. Gong Shuangfeng1,2, Yang Tao2, Chen Baoyan2, Ma Xingwang2, Niu Xinxiang2, Lou Shanwei3(1Faculty of Grassland and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052;2Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Agricultural Sparing Water, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091;3National Cotton Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830091)
  • Received:2014-11-30 Revised:2014-12-08 Accepted:2014-12-11 Online:2015-05-06 Published:2015-05-06

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摘要： 为探明机采棉种植模式下氮运筹技术模式，通过田间试验，在不同施氮水平下，对不同产量水平下机采棉各生育期定点采集有代表性的植株样品，分析其干物质N、P、K含量，研究不同产量水平下机采棉各生育期吸收N、P、K的量与比例及其区别,以期探明确土壤—棉花体系养分吸收利用特征，及其与产量变化的匹配关系。结果表明：随着氮肥基施比例由0%提高到40%，在机采棉模式下，可形成7667.15 kg/hm2超高产，7376.12 kg/hm2的中高产，7212.33 kg/hm2的一般产量3种水平；机采棉在苗期—蕾期主要吸收氮素养分，占棉花苗期—蕾期吸收养分总量的34.57%~48.52%。蕾期—花铃期对养分的需求量最大，吸收N量占棉花整个生育期吸收总N的66.14%~83.22%、吸收P2O5占总P2O5的52.39%~73.07%、吸收K2O占总K2O的75.57%~79.08%。机采棉种植模式下棉花对养分的需求表现出对氮需求较早，且量也较大；对磷的需求稍晚，但需求持续时间长；对钾的需求时间和强度处于居于氮、磷之间。结论：机采棉种植模式下，通过氮肥的基追比例运筹，能够调控棉花达到不同的产量水平。机采棉超高产棉花在单位面积上对N、P2O5、K2O的吸收量高于一般产量和中高产棉花的吸收量，而且对K2O吸收的绝对量最大。在不同产量水平下棉花对N、P2O5、K2O养分吸收比例总体上是相似的，但各生育期养分吸收比例有所差异。

关键词: 苹果矮化砧, 苹果矮化砧, GM256, 基本培养基, 暗培养, 增殖, 生根

Abstract: To study nitrogen management technology under machine pick cotton planting mode, through field experiment with different nitrogen levels, the author collected representative samples of plants with different levels of cotton production in the growth period fixed points on a regular basis under the machine pick pattern, analyzed the content of N, P, K in the dry matter, studied the absorption of the N, P, K proportion and quantity and its difference in different growth periods, in order to explore soil - cotton system nutrient uptake characteristic, and its matching relation with output changes. The results showed that as basal application of nitrogen fertilizer ratio from 0% to 40%, machine pick cotton mode could achieve super high yield of 7667.15 kg/hm2, high yield of 7376.12 kg/hm2, and general yield of 7212.33 kg/hm2. Nitrogen absorption was a major nutrient at seedling stage and bud stage under the machine pick pattern, accounted for 34.57%-48.52% of the total absorption in this growth period of the cotton. The greatest demand for nutrients was the bud stage to the flowering and boll-setting period, the absorption of N accounted for 66.14%-83.22% of all cotton yield, the absorption P2O5 accounted for 52.39%-73.07% in all of the absorption P2O5, the absorption K2O accounted for 75.57%-79.08% in all of the absorption K2O. Under machine pick cotton planting mode, the demand for N was earlier and higher, the demand for P2O5 was later and the longest. The time and strength demand for K were between the N and P2O5. Conclusion: machine pick cotton planting modes, through the management of base and topdressing proportion of nitrogen fertilizer, could control the cotton production at different levels. In super high yield cotton field, the absorption of N, P2O5 and K2O were higher than that in medium high yield and the general yield field, and its yield per unit area and the absorption of K2O was the largest. Cotton under different production levels had generally similar nutrient uptake ratio of N, P2O5, K2O ratio, but there were differences among the nutrient uptake ratios in each growth period.