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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 59-64.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0231

所属专题: 小麦 园艺

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

化肥减施配合生物有机肥对土壤特性和燕麦产量的影响

康勇建1(), 赵宝平1(), 孙雯1, 刘瑞芳2, 刘景辉1   

  1. 1内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特 010019
    2呼和浩特园艺科技试验示范中心,呼和浩特 010010
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-02 修回日期:2020-09-30 出版日期:2021-04-15 发布日期:2021-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 赵宝平
  • 作者简介:康勇建,男,1995年出生,河北唐山人,在读硕士,研究方向:燕麦栽培生理。通信地址:010019 内蒙古呼和浩特市学苑东街275号 内蒙古农业大学农学院,Tel:0471-4315893,E-mail: 1075221244@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“水分和腐植酸对燕麦产量和β-葡聚糖协同调控机制研究”(31560373);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金“国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系”(CARS-07);内蒙古自然科学基金“腐植酸对燕麦抗旱性和β-葡聚糖形成的调控机制研究”(2016MS0312)

Effects of Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Bio-organic Fertilizer on Soil Characteristics and Oat Yield

Kang Yongjian1(), Zhao Baoping1(), Sun Wen1, Liu Ruifang2, Liu Jinghui1   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019
    2Hohhot Horticulture Science and Technology Experimental Demonstration Center, Hohhot 010010
  • Received:2020-07-02 Revised:2020-09-30 Online:2021-04-15 Published:2021-04-13
  • Contact: Zhao Baoping

摘要:

针对燕麦生产中肥料施用过量的问题,在大田试验条件下,设置减施50%化肥(50D)、减施25%化肥(75D)、100%化肥(CK)、减施50%化肥+生物有机肥(50DM)、减施25%化肥+生物有机肥处理(75DM)等5个处理,分析了土壤3种酶活性、土壤养分含量和燕麦产量,研究减量磷酸二铵并配施生物有机肥对土壤特性和燕麦产量的影响。结果表明:在燕麦开花期和收获期75DM处理下0~20 cm土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性显著提高,在收获期较CK分别提高7.6%、12.6%和25.2%;与CK相比,化肥配施生物有机肥处理有效增加了燕麦收获期土壤碱解氮含量,增幅为9.8%~22.9%,且以75DM处理最优。化肥配施生物有机肥处理下燕麦有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重显著增加,其中以75DM处理籽粒产量最高,分别较75D和CK提高24.5%和9.3%。相关性分析表明,土壤酶活性、土壤养分与燕麦产量呈显著正相关。在大田生产条件下,减施25%化肥并配施600 kg/hm2生物有机肥可提高土壤酶活性,增加土壤中有效性氮、磷、钾的含量,从而改善土壤肥力和土壤养分状况,有利于燕麦增产。

关键词: 化肥减施, 生物有机肥, 燕麦, 土壤酶活性, 土壤速效养分, 产量

Abstract:

To solve the problem of excessive fertilizer application in oat production, the effects of diammonium phosphate (DAP) reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer on soil properties and oat yield were studied. We set 5 treatments of reducing 50% DAP (50D), reducing 25% DAP (75D), and 100% DAP (CK), reducing 50% DAP + bio-organic fertilizer (50DM), reducing 25% DAP + bio-organic fertilizer (75DM), to analyze the three kinds of soil enzyme activities, soil nutrient content and oat yield. The results showed that the activities of sucrase, urease and catalase in 0-20 cm soil were significantly increased under the treatment of 75DM at the flowering and harvesting stages, compared with CK, increased by 7.6%, 12.6% and 25.2% at harvest stage, respectively. Compared with CK, fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer effectively increased the content of soil alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen at the harvest stage by 9.8%-22.9%, and 75DM treatment was the optimal. The effective panicle number, grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight of oat were significantly increased under the treatments of chemical fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer. The grain yield was the highest under 75DM treatment, which was 24.5% and 9.3% higher than that of 75D and CK, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that soil enzyme activity, soil nutrient and oat yield were significantly and positively correlated. Under the field condition, reducing 25% chemical fertilizer in combination with 600 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer could improve soil fertility and enzyme activity, and it is conducive to oat yield increase.

Key words: fertilizer reduction, bio-organic fertilizer, oat, soil enzyme activity, available soil nutrients, yield

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