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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (35): 157-164.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1154

• 三农研究 • 上一篇    

村规民约对牧民减畜决策行为的影响

王丽佳(), 唐增   

  1. 兰州大学中国草业发展战略研究中心/草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室/草地农业科技学院，兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-01 修回日期:2022-02-14 出版日期:2022-12-15 发布日期:2022-12-09
  • 作者简介:王丽佳，女，1983年出生，甘肃兰州人，副教授，博士，研究方向为农牧户生产行为。通信地址：730020 甘肃省兰州市城关区嘉峪关西路768号 兰州大学草地农业科技学院，E-mail：wanglijia@lzu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费重点研究基地创新项目(lzujbky-2021-kb13);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(lzujbky-2022-sp13);中国工程院重点咨询项目“草地农业发展潜力、模式与政策研究”(2020-XZ-29);中国工程院重点咨询项目“草地生态系统的经济价值评估与发展战略研究”(2021-HZ-5)

Influence of Rural Regulations and Folk Agreements on Herders’ Decision-making Behavior on Reducing Grazing Intensity

WANG Lijia(), TANG Zeng   

  1. China Grass Industry Development Strategy Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020
  • Received:2021-12-01 Revised:2022-02-14 Online:2022-12-15 Published:2022-12-09

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摘要：

牧民的减畜行为在草原退化过程中起着关键的作用。村规民约作为一种基层自治方式，在一定程度上，对实现草原环境治理的制度化和法制化具有积极作用。因此，本研究通过探讨村规民约对牧民减畜决策行为的影响，以期从非正式制度视角，提出控制牧民超载过牧行为的政策建议。本研究在对村规民约对牧民草原保护决策行为影响机制进行分析的基础上，以内蒙古和新疆193户牧民的实地调研数据为依据，运用Double-Hurdle模型，实证分析村规民约对牧民草原生态保护决策行为的影响。研究发现，以书面形式制定，且近5年内容未发生变化的村规民约，可显著提高牧民的减畜意愿；宗教信仰对牧民的减畜意愿有显著的制约作用；汉语水平越好的牧民，其减畜意愿越高。本研究认为村规民约对其生产生活影响程度越高的牧民，其减畜比例越高；牧民的受教育水平和家庭收入水平与其减畜比例均显著负相关。因此，重视村规民约制定形式的规范性和内容的稳定性，提高牧民对村规民约的遵守程度和认可程度，定期开展牧民汉语培训工作，提高牧民的汉语水平等方式对引导牧民做出有利于保护草原生态的决策行为有积极作用。

关键词: 村规民约, 草原生态保护, 减畜, 决策行为, 牧民

Abstract:

The grazing intensity reduction behavior of herders plays a key role in the process of grassland degradation. To a certain extent, rural regulations and folk agreements, as a way of self-governance at the grassroot level, have a positive effect on the institutionalization and legalization of grassland environmental governance. Thus, the study investigated the influence of rural regulations and folk agreements on herder’s decision-making behavior to reduce grazing intensity and thereafter put forward several policy suggestions on controlling herder’s over-grazing behavior from the perspective of informal institution. The paper analyzed the influence mechanism of the rural regulations and folk agreements on herders’ decision-making behavior of grassland protection. Then, Double-Hurdle model was applied to figure the impact of the rural regulations and folk agreements on herders’ decision-making behavior based on a field survey data of 193 herder households in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. The results showed that the rural regulations and folk agreements which were formulated in written form and had unchanged content during the past 5 years significantly increased herders’ willingness to reduce grazing intensity. Herders with religious belief and poor Chinese proficiency had a significant lower willingness to reduce grazing intensity. Moreover，herders who were greaterly influenced by rural regulations and folk agreements on their production and life had higher degree of grazing intensity reduction. The education level and family income of herders were significantly and negatively correlated with their grazing intensity reduction ratio, respectively. Finally, policy suggestions, such as paying more attention to the formulation’s standardization and the content stability of rural regulations and folk agreements, improving herders’ compliance and recognition of rural regulations and folk agreements, and regularly carrying out Chinese training to upgrade herders’ Chinese proficiency, are highly recommended to guide herders to make decisions on reducing grazing intensity.

Key words: rural regulations and folk agreements, grassland ecologic protection, grazing intensity reduction, decision-making behavior, herder

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