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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (19): 102-107.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0574

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

沙冬青叶部病害病原菌分离鉴定及其防治研究

聂峰杰1,2(), 甘晓燕1,2, 张丽1,2, 巩檑1,2, 刘璇1,2, 杨文静1,2, 宋玉霞1,2()   

  1. 1 宁夏农林科学院农业生物技术研究中心，银川 750002
    2 宁夏农业生物技术重点实验室，银川 750002
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-11 修回日期:2022-08-01 出版日期:2023-07-05 发布日期:2023-07-03
  • 通讯作者: 宋玉霞，女，1963年出生，宁夏银川人，研究员，硕士研究生，研究方向：植物生物技术育种。E-mail：Songyx666@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    聂峰杰，女，1985年出生，宁夏银川人，助理研究员，硕士研究生，研究方向：植物病害综合治理。通信地址：750002 宁夏银川市金凤区黄河东路590号 宁夏农林科学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划重大项目“特色沙生植物资源挖掘与开发利用”(2018BEG02011); 宁夏回族自治区农业科技自主创新资金农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范课题“特色资源植物利用与沙产业技术研发”(NGSB-2021-9-02)

Leaf Diseases of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus: Pathogen Isolation and Identification and Disease Control

NIE Fengjie1,2(), GAN Xiaoyan1,2, ZHANG Li1,2, GONG Lei1,2, LIU Xuan1,2, YANG Wenjing1,2, SONG Yuxia1,2()   

  1. 1 Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002
    2 Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology of Ningxia, Yinchuan 750002
  • Received:2022-07-11 Revised:2022-08-01 Online:2023-07-05 Published:2023-07-03

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摘要：

沙冬青叶部病害发病率高侵染速度快严重威胁植株正常生长。为鉴定引起沙冬青叶部病害的病原菌，制定病害防治方案，利用形态学特征、rDNA-ITS序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定，田间喷施药剂测定杀菌剂对病害的防治效果。结果表明，引起沙冬青叶部病害为病原真菌，离体培养菌丝绒毛状、灰白色、致密气生菌丝，背面呈灰黑色轮纹状，显微镜观察菌丝直柔曲状，有隔，产生深色分生孢子梗，以合轴式延伸，顶端单生分生孢子；ITS序列鉴定与Alternaria destruens ATCC 204363(NR_13714 3.1)（毁坏链格孢）相似性达到100%，初步确定为半知菌亚门丝孢纲丝孢目链格孢属。不同药剂田间防治试验表明，75%百菌清可湿性粉剂喷施2次对沙冬青叶部病害的防治效果达到87%，波尔多液2000倍液的防治效果为57.9%，75%百菌清可湿性粉剂的防治效果优于波尔多液2000倍液。研究结果首次报道沙冬青叶部病害病原真菌的形态特征和鉴定结果，制定了病害田间防治方案，可为沙冬青叶部病害防治提供理论基础和有效的技术措施。

关键词: 沙冬青, 叶部病害, 毁坏链格孢

Abstract:

The high incidence of leaf disease in Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is a serious threat to the normal growth of plants. In order to identify the pathogenic bacteria causing leaf diseases of A. mongolicus and develop disease control scheme, morphological characteristics and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis were used to identify the pathogenic bacteria, and field spraying agents were used to determine the control effect of fungicides on the diseases. The results showed that the diseases on the leaves of A. mongolicus were caused by pathogenic fungi. The mycelia in vitro were villous and dense, gray and white, and the back of the mycelia was gray and black. Under microscope, the mycelia were straight and flexible, with septum, and produced dark conidia stalks, which extended in axial form, with single conidia at the top. ITS sequence identification was 100% similar to Alternaria destruens ATCC 204363 (NR_13714 3.1), and it was preliminary identified as Deuteromycotina, Hyphomycetes, Hyphomycetales, Altemaria. Field control experiments with different agents showed that 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder sprayed twice had a control effect of 87%, and the control effect of Bordeaux solution 2000 times was 57.9%. The control effect of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder was better than that of Bordeaux solution 2000 times. The morphological characteristics and identification results of the pathogenic fungi are reported for the first time, and the field control scheme of the diseases is formulated, which can provide a theoretical basis and effective technical measures for the disease control.

Key words: Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, leaf disease, Alternaria destruens