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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (13): 55-59.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0950

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

高接换种对核桃枝条和根系生理特征的影响

徐永杰1(), 徐雅雯1, 王代全2, 王其竹2, 付亚男2, 方立军3, 黄发新1()   

  1. 1 湖北省林业科学研究院，武汉 430075
    2 保康县核桃技术推广中心，湖北襄阳 441600
    3 保康县过渡湾镇农业技术推广服务中心，湖北襄阳 441600
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-18 修回日期:2023-12-15 出版日期:2024-04-28 发布日期:2024-04-28
  • 通讯作者:
    黄发新，男，1970年出生，湖北公安人，高级工程师，博士，从事林木种质评价与利用技术研究。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    徐永杰，男，1981年出生，河南许昌人，副研究员，博士，研究方向为经济林育种与栽培。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    湖北省林业科技支撑重点项目“核桃低产林提质增效研究与示范”([2022]LYKJ10); 中央财政林业科技推广项目“核桃低产林提质增效与示范”([2022]TG10); 林业植物新品种与专利保护应用项目(KJZXXP202309); 湖北省林科院科技项目“核桃林提质增效关键技术研究”(2021YJJ07)

Effect of Top Grafting on Physiological Characteristics of Walnut Branches and Roots

XU Yongjie1(), XU Yawen1, WANG Daiquan2, WANG Qizhu2, FU Yanan2, FANG Lijun3, HUANG Faxin1()   

  1. 1 Hubei Academy of Forestry, Wuhan 430075
    2 Center for Walnut Technology of Baokang County, Xiangyang, Hubei 441600
    3 Center for Agricultural Technology Extension Service of Guoduwan Town in Baokang County, Xiangyang, Hubei 441600
  • Received:2022-11-18 Revised:2023-12-15 Published:2024-04-28 Online:2024-04-28

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摘要：

为探究高接换种对核桃枝条和根系生理特征的影响，对定植10年的实生砧+‘香玲’进行高接换种‘清香’，以短截更新为对照，成活3年后比较分析1年生枝和根系生理特征差异。结果表明：（1）高接后1年生枝导管密度为76.82 N/mm2，平均长度为39.85 cm，叶片N、K元素含量分别为27.20、7.17 g/kg，显著高于更新处理(P<0.05)，说明高接提高了养分运输和树冠恢复效率。（2）更新处理20~40 cm土层根系导管直径为86.55 μm，0~20 cm土层根系导管平均密度为149.33 N/mm2，显著高于高接处理(P<0.05)，说明高接‘清香’一定程度上改变了根系结构。（3）高接后0~20 cm土层根系韧皮部厚度/枝条半径比例为0.39，其根系平均长度、直径、周皮厚度分别达到10.64 cm、2.36 mm和70.09 μm，显著高于更新处理(P<0.05)，说明高接‘清香’后，光合产物倾向于分配到0~20 cm土层根系。（4）高接‘清香’核桃后，1年生枝和20~40 cm土层根系形成层厚度分别达到36.26、76.42 μm，显著高于更新处理(P<0.05)，说明其具有较强的增粗生长潜力。综上，高接‘清香’核桃改变了‘香玲’核桃1年生枝和根系输导结构，提高了养分运输效率，促进了树冠和地表根系的生长。

关键词: 核桃, 高接换种, 叶片养分, 输导组织, 导管

Abstract:

To explore the effect of top grafting on the physiological characteristics of walnut branches and roots, 10-year-old seeding rootstock+ ‘Xiangling’ walnut was used to be top grafted with ‘Qingxiang’, with short cutting as the control. Physiological characteristics of annual branches and roots were compared and analyzed after 3 years of survival. The results showed that: (1) the vessel density, average length of annual branches after top grafting was 76.82 N/mm2, and 39.85 cm respectively, and the contents of N and K in leaves were 27.20 and 7.17 g/kg, which were significantly higher than those in regeneration treatments (P<0.05), indicating that top grafting improved the efficiency of nutrient transport and crown recovery. (2) The diameter of vessel of roots in 20-40 cm soil layer under regeneration treatment was 86.55 μm; the average density of vessel of roots in 0-20 cm soil layer reached 149.33 N/mm2, which were significantly higher than those in top grafting treatments (P<0.05), indicating that top grafting with ‘Qingxiang’ changed the root structure to some extent. (3)The ratio of phloem thickness to branch radius in 0-20 cm soil layer after top grafting was 0.39, and the average length, diameter and the perimeter thickness of roots were 10.64 cm, 2.36 mm and 70.09 μm, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in regeneration treatments, indicating that the photosynthetic products tended to be distributed to roots in 0-20 cm soil layer after top grafting with ‘Qingxiang’. (4) After top grafting with ‘Qingxiang’, the cambium thickness of annual branches and roots in 20-40 cm soil layer reached 36.26 and 76.42 μm respectively, which were significantly higher than those in regeneration treatments. It means that it may have a strong thickening growth potential. So, ‘Xiangling’ walnut top grafted with ‘Qingxiang’ changed the annual branches and root transport structure, improved the nutrient transport efficiency, and then promoted the growth of crown and surface roots.

Key words: walnut, top grafting, leaf nutrients, conductive tissue, vessel