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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 42-48.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0332

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同土壤覆盖处理对核桃品质的影响

刘警(), 刘金利, 李扬, 白仲奎, 于秋香()   

  1. 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所，河北秦皇岛 066600
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-27 修回日期:2022-06-14 出版日期:2023-04-25 发布日期:2023-04-21
  • 通讯作者: 于秋香，女，1982年出生，河北秦皇岛人，副研究员，硕士，主要从事核桃资源创新及丰产栽培技术研究。通信地址：066600 河北省秦皇岛市昌黎县碣阳大街东段39号 昌黎果树研究所，Tel：0335-2987632，E-mail：75708282@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:

    刘警，女，1993年出生，河北石家庄人，研究实习员，硕士，研究方向：核桃分子辅助育种技术研究。通信地址：066600 河北省秦皇岛市昌黎县碣阳大街东段39号 昌黎果树研究所，Tel：0335-2987632，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费项目资助“核桃涩味评价体系创建及SSR分子标记分析”(2021020102); 河北省农林科学院创新工程课题资助“抗逆、优质核桃新品种选育及高效栽培技术创新”(2022KJCXZX-CGS-9)

Effects of Different Soil Mulching Treatments on Walnut Quality

LIU Jing(), LIU Jinli, LI Yang, BAI Zhongkui, YU Qiuxiang()   

  1. Changli Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066600
  • Received:2022-04-27 Revised:2022-06-14 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-04-21

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摘要：

研究旨在通过测定不同土壤覆盖处理下土壤、核桃叶片及果实矿质元素的含量，探究其对果实品质的影响。本研究以‘冀丰’核桃作为研究对象，对核桃园土壤进行覆秸秆、覆地布和自然生草3种覆盖处理，并以清耕作为对照。利用ICP仪分别对核桃叶片、核桃仁及土壤的矿质元素含量进行测定，并对3种处理及对照（清耕）的核桃果实表型性状进行测定。结果表明：不同处理间土壤K含量差异显著，覆秸秆处理后土壤K含量最高，平均可达418.04 mg/kg，显著高于其他处理和对照的土壤K含量；同时覆秸秆处理可显著降低土壤中Ca含量。自然生草处理后叶片K含量最高，平均可达9480.32 mg/kg，显著高于覆秸秆处理和对照的叶片K含量。不同处理间叶片中Mn含量差异显著，覆秸秆处理后Mn含量平均可达1670.78 mg/kg，显著高于其他处理和对照的叶片Mn含量。覆地布处理提高了核桃仁中Mg含量，但与对照相比并未达到显著水平。核桃仁Mn含量在不同处理间存在显著差异。覆秸秆和自然生草处理后核桃仁Mn含量最高，平均可达385.84 mg/kg和363.17 mg/kg，均显著高于覆地布处理和对照的核桃仁Mn含量。核桃仁中Cu含量亦如此，覆秸秆和自然生草处理后Cu含量平均可达16.45 mg/kg和13.52 mg/kg，且覆秸秆处理后Cu含量显著高于覆地布处理和对照的Cu含量。覆秸秆处理增加了青果棱径，平均可达53.85 mm，但与对照相比并未达到显著水平。自然生草和覆秸秆处理后干果种壳厚度减小，平均可达1.78 mm和1.87 mm，且自然生草处理后干果种壳厚度显著低于覆地布处理和对照的干果种壳厚度。自然生草和覆秸秆处理后出仁率均提高，平均可达54.02%和52.23%，且自然生草处理后出仁率显著高于覆地布处理和对照的出仁率。综上所述，自然生草处理能增加干果出仁率，提高果实中微量元素含量，减小种壳厚度，建议在生产中推广应用。

关键词: 土壤, 覆盖, 核桃, 品质, 矿质元素

Abstract:

The content of mineral elements in soil, walnut leaves and fruits were tested under different soil mulching treatments to clarify the effects of soil mulching on fruit quality. ‘Jifeng’ walnut was used as the research material, three treatments of straw mulching (SM), ground cloth mulching (GCM) and natural grass mulching (NGM) were adopted, and bare earth was set as the control. The content of mineral elements in walnut leaves, walnut kernel and soil were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) instrument. And the phenotypic characteristics of walnut under the three treatments and control were measured. The results showed that there were significant differences in the content of K in soil among different treatments; the content of K after SM treatment was the highest, reaching 418.04 mg/kg on average, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments and control. And SM treatment could significantly reduce the content of Ca in soil. The K content in leaves under NGM treatment was the highest, reaching 9480.32 mg/kg on average, which was significantly higher than that of SM treatment and control. And there were significant differences in the content of Mn in leaves among different treatments, under SM treatment, the content of Mn reached 1670.78 mg/kg on average, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments and control. GCM treatment increased the content of Mg in walnut kernel, but it did not reach a significant level compared with the control. There were significant differences in the Mn content of walnut kernel among different treatments. Under SM and NGM treatments, the content of Mn in walnut kernel was the highest, reaching 385.84 mg/kg and 363.17 mg/kg on average respectively, which was significantly higher than that of GCM treatment and control. So was the content of Cu in walnut kernel. Under SM and NGM treatments, the content of Cu reached 16.45 mg/kg and 13.52 mg/kg on average respectively, especially under SM treatment, it was significantly higher than that under GCM treatment and control. SM treatment increased side diameter of fruit, which reached 53.85 mm on average, but it did not reach a significant level compared with the control. The thickness of shell decreased under NGM and SM treatments, reaching 1.78 mm and 1.87 mm on average respectively, especially under NGM treatment, it was significantly lower than that under GCM treatment and control. The kernel rate increased under both NGM and SM treatments, reaching 54.02% and 52.23% on average respectively, especially under NGM treatment, it was significantly higher than that under GCM treatment and control. In conclusion, NGM treatment can increase the kernel rate of nut, improve the content of trace elements in fruit and reduce the thickness of shell, so it is suggested to be popularized in production.

Key words: soil, mulching, walnut, quality, mineral element