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中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (33): 147-155.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1005

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    下一篇

疏勒河土著鱼类营养价值开发研究

赵仲孟1(), 赵瀚1, 王雄延2, 柯红雨1, 张露1, 黄志鹏1, 段元亮1, 李华东1, 吴鲤校3, 李强1()   

  1. 1 四川省农业科学院水产研究所,成都 611730
    2 四川水利职业技术学院,四川崇州 611231
    3 邻水县农业农村局,四川广安 638500
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-05 修回日期:2023-04-05 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-11-22
  • 通讯作者: 李强,男,1981年出生,河南南阳人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向:淡水渔业。通信地址:611730 四川省成都市高新西区西源大道1611号 四川省农业科学院水产研究所遗传育种研究中心,E-mail:q_-l@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    赵仲孟,男,1994年出生,四川巴中人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向:鱼类遗传育种。通信地址:611730 四川省成都市高新西区西源大道1611号 四川省农业科学院水产研究所遗传育种研究中心,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    农业财政专项“西北地区重点水域渔业资源与环境调查”; 现代农业产业技术体系专项资金“国家现代农业技术体系特色淡水鱼体系”(CARS-46)

Nutritional Value of Native Fishes in the Shule River

ZHAO Zhongmeng1(), ZHAO Han1, WANG Xiongyan2, KE Hongyu1, ZHANG Lu1, HUANG Zhipeng1, DUAN Yuanliang1, LI Huadong1, WU Lixiao3, LI Qiang1()   

  1. 1 Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730
    2 Sichuan Water Conservancy vocational College, Chongzhou, Sichuan 611231
    3 Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Linshui County, Guangan, Sichuan 638500
  • Received:2022-12-05 Revised:2023-04-05 Published-:2023-11-25 Online:2023-11-22

摘要:

疏勒河是甘肃省重要的内陆河流之一,为开发疏勒河土著鱼类食用价值,试验分析了野生祁连山裸鲤、河西叶儿羌高原鳅和黄河裸裂尻鱼的肌肉营养差异,并将祁连山裸鲤与裸鲤属其他鱼类进行营养品质比较研究。3种土著鱼类肌肉中水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量呈现差异。氨基酸种类和数量一致,但氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、呈味氨基酸总量和非必需氨基酸总量均在黄河裸裂尻鱼中最高。氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)均显示3种鱼类第一限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸。3种土著鱼类均含有丰富脂肪酸,而黄河裸裂尻鱼肌肉中饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于祁连山裸鲤和河西叶儿羌高原鳅(P<0.05)。祁连山裸鲤与其他裸鲤属鱼类肌肉营养品质比较发现一般营养物质在3种裸鲤属鱼肌肉中同样存在差异,氨基酸种类和数量一致,而必需氨基酸含量则在祁连山裸鲤肌肉中含量最高,且在祁连山裸鲤肌肉中检测出更多的脂肪酸种类。研究表明,疏勒河3种土著鱼类肌肉味道鲜美,均具有较高的食用价值和营养价值,属于优质的冷水养殖品种。同时祁连山裸鲤与青海湖裸鲤和花斑裸鲤营养价值相当,具有较高的开发价值。

关键词: 疏勒河, 土著鱼类, 营养价值, 比较研究

Abstract:

Shule River is one of the important inland rivers in Gansu Province. In order to develop the edible value of native fishes in Shule River, a comparative study was conducted on nutritional components, amino acid content, fatty acid content and nutritional quality of muscle in Gymnocypris chilianensis, Triplophysa (Hedinichthys) yarkandensis and Schizopygopsis pylzovi, and the muscle nutritional quality of G. chilianensis was compared with other fishes of Gymnocypris. The results showed that the contents of moisture, crude ash, crude protein and crude fat in muscle of the three native fishes were different. The types and quantities of amino acids were consistent, the total amount of amino acids, essential amino acids, flavor amino acids, and nonessential amino acids in S. pylzovi muscle were higher than that of G. chilianensis and T. yarkandensis. According to the amino acid and chemistry score, the first limiting amino acid in all muscle samples was valine. All three species of native fish were rich in fatty acids, the contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in S. pylzovi muscle were significantly higher than that of G. chilianensis and T. yarkandensis (P<0.05). The comparison of muscle nutritional quality between G. chilianensis and other fishes of Gymnocypris showed that there were differences in general nutrients among the muscles, the types and quantities of amino acids of the three species of Gymnocypris were the same. The content of essential amino acids was the highest in the muscles of G. chilianensis, and more kinds of fatty acids were detected in the muscles of G. chilianensis. The results showed that the muscle of the three native fishes in Shule River was delicious, and they had higher edible value and nutritional value. G. chilianensis has the same nutritional value as G. eckloni and G. przewalskii, which has higher development value.

Key words: Shule river, native fishes, nutritional ingredient, comparative study