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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 49-55.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0138

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

外源赤霉素、氨基酸钙处理对‘明日见’柑橘裂果的影响

代琳1,2(), 张伦德1, 周志扬2, 陈泓臻2, 黄康2, 马晴晴2, 孙孝贤2, 熊博2()   

  1. 1 泸州市经济作物站，四川泸州 646000
    2 四川农业大学园艺学院，成都 611130
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-21 修回日期:2023-10-18 出版日期:2024-02-27 发布日期:2024-02-27
  • 通讯作者:
    熊博，男，1988年出生，四川达州人，讲师，博士，主要从事果树新品种选育、果树栽培与生理等方面的教学和科研工作。通信地址：611130 四川省成都市温江区惠民路211号 四川农业大学，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    代琳，女，1990年出生，四川富顺人，农艺师，硕士研究生，主要从事柑橘栽培技术示范与推广工作。通信地址：646000 四川省泸州市江阳区一环路江阳西路36号 泸州市农业农村局，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技计划项目“晚熟杂柑绿色高效安全生产与技术集成创新示范”(2021ZHCG0084); 四川省“十四五”育种攻关项目“新品种绿色栽培技术与果实品质及贮藏加工特性评价研究”(2021YFYZ0023-14)

Effects of Exogenous Gibberellin and Calcium Amino Acid on Fruit Cracking of ‘Asumi’ Citrus

DAI Lin1,2(), ZHANG Lunde1, ZHOU Zhiyang2, CHEN Hongzhen2, HUANG Kang2, MA Qingqing2, SUN Xiaoxian2, XIONG Bo2()   

  1. 1 Luzhou Economic Crops Station, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000
    2 College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130
  • Received:2023-02-21 Revised:2023-10-18 Published-:2024-02-27 Online:2024-02-27

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摘要：

探索外源赤霉素与氨基酸钙对柑橘果实裂果的影响，为防止‘明日见’柑橘裂果提供理论依据和实践措施。以红橘为基础砧高换5年生‘明日见’柑橘为试验材料，选取生长势、负载量一致的27株树，分别在花后60、75、90 d进行外源赤霉素、氨基酸钙处理，从花后100 d开始采样，每隔15 d采样一次，共采样5次。对果皮细胞超微结构进行观察，对果实外观品质、裂果率、细胞壁物质含量、3种不同类型果胶含量（水溶性果胶、离子结合性果胶、共价结合型果胶）、半乳糖醛酸含量、纤维素和半纤维素含量、木质素含量进行测定，并利用方差分析进行综合评价。水溶性果胶含量随果实生长发育先升高后降低，裂果高峰期含量高于其他时期，且受赤霉素影响较大。离子结合性果胶、共价结合型果胶、纤维素含量随果实生长发育先降低后升高，裂果高峰期含量低于其他时期，离子结合性果胶含量变化受外源钙影响较大。不同处理在不同时期的半纤维素、木质素含量差异不显著。果皮中不同类型果胶的含量变化是‘明日见’裂果的主要因素，外源喷施赤霉素与氨基酸钙能显著降低裂果率。赤霉素与氨基酸钙通过影响果皮中不同类型的果胶含量增强抗裂果能力，赤霉素的处理效果优于外源钙，能更有效地防止‘明日见’裂果的发生。

关键词: 柑橘, 裂果, 赤霉素, 外源钙, 细胞壁, 方差分析

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of exogenous gibberellin and calcium amino acid on fruit cracking of ‘Asumi’, and provide theoretical basis and practical measures for the prevention of fruit cracking of citrus. Using 5-year-old ‘Asumi’ citrus with red orange as research material, 27 trees with the same growth potential and load were selected and treated with exogenous gibberellin and calcium amino acid at 60, 75 and 90 d after anthesis respectively. Samples were taken from 100 d after anthesis and once every 15 d, a total of 5 times. The fruit cracking rate, ultrastructure observation of pericarp cells, cell wall material content, water-soluble pectin content, ion binding pectin content, covalent binding pectin content, galacturonic acid content, cellulose, lignin content and fruit appearance quality were measured, compared and analyzed. The results showed that the content of water-soluble pectin increased at first and then decreased with the growth and development of fruit, and the content at the peak of fruit cracking was higher than that in other periods, and was greatly affected by gibberellin. The contents of ion-bound pectin, covalently bound pectin and cellulose decreased at first and then increased, and the contents at the peak of fruit cracking was lower than that in other periods, and the change of ion-bound pectin content was greatly affected by exogenous calcium. There was no significant difference in hemicellulose and lignin content among different treatments in different periods. The change of the content of different types of pectin in the pericarp was the main factor of fruit cracking of ‘Asumi’ citrus, and exogenous spraying gibberellin and calcium amino acid could significantly reduce the fruit cracking rate. Gibberellin and calcium amino acid can enhance fruit cracking resistance by affecting different types of pectin content in pericarp.

Key words: citrus, fruit cracking, gibberellin, exogenous calcium, cell wall, analysis of variance