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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (10): 68-75.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0232

所属专题： 园艺

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

水肥耦合对香蕉和番木瓜幼苗生长的影响

周陈平1(), 林伟2, 杨敏1, 邝瑞彬1, 吴夏明1, 郭金菊3, 黄炳雄1, 魏岳荣1()   

  1. 1 广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室，广州 510640
    2 湛江市农业科学研究院，广东湛江 524094
    3 广东省农业科学院设施农业研究所，广州 510640
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-22 修回日期:2023-11-22 出版日期:2024-04-05 发布日期:2024-04-01
  • 通讯作者:
    魏岳荣，男，1972年出生，湖南岳阳人，研究员，博士，主要从事南方果树育种研究。通信地址：510640 广东省广州市天河区大丰二街80号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    周陈平，男，1988年出生，福建宁德人，副研究员，博士，主要从事南方果树育种与高效栽培技术研究。通信地址：510640 广东省广州市天河区大丰二街80号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    广东省重点领域研发计划项目“设施园艺作物精准调控关键技术研究与示范”(2019B020214005); 珠海市平沙镇科技支撑项目“名特优水果优质高效立体栽培技术研究与集成及示范推广”(TZ-2022-100); 国家自然科学基金项目“番木瓜CpMYB114L调控果实成熟的功能及机制研究”(32102355); 2022年省级乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目“番木瓜高效育种技术创新与丰产优质耐贮新品种选育”(2022-NPY-00-032); 广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目“特色品种选育与栽培-番木瓜和百香果”(2023KJ116)

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Growth of Banana and Papaya Seedlings

ZHOU Chenping1(), LIN Wei2, YANG Min1, KUANG Ruibin1, WU Xiaming1, GUO Jinju3, HUANG Bingxiong1, WEI Yuerong1()   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research/Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640
    2 Zhanjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524094
    3 Institute of Facility Agriculture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640
  • Received:2023-03-22 Revised:2023-11-22 Published:2024-04-05 Online:2024-04-01

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摘要：

分析不同氮、磷、钾含量配比与基质相对含水率的耦合对香蕉和番木瓜幼苗生长的影响，为节约型精准化苗木培育提供理论依据。以‘巴西蕉’和‘紫晖’番木瓜假植苗为材料，采用双因素随机区组设计4个水平氮、磷、钾含量配比和3个水平基质相对含水率的交互组合，共12个处理(T1~T12)，以传统水肥处理为对照(CK)，测定不同处理的香蕉和番木瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶片SPAD值、叶面积、地上部干重及根系总长度、表面积、平均直径、根尖数等生长形态指标，并对地上部生长指标进行PCA综合评价。在香蕉幼苗试验中，T6处理对株高、叶面积、地上部干重及根系总长度、表面积、平均直径影响最大，T1处理的茎粗最大，T1、T5和T6处理叶片数最多，均为7.60片，T5处理的叶片SPAD值最高，T7处理的根尖数最多，地上部生长指标PCA综合评价得分为T6> T5> T1> T2> T10> T3> T9> T7> T11> T12> T4> T8> CK。在番木瓜幼苗试验中，T10处理对株高、叶面积、叶片数、地上部干重影响最明显，T9处理的叶片数、地上部干重与T10处理一致，并显著增加根系总长度、表面积、根尖数，T11处理的叶片SPAD值最高，T2处理的根系平均直径最大，地上部生长指标PCA综合评价得分为T10> T9> T1> T11> T6> T3> T2> T5> T7> CK> T12> T8> T4。培育香蕉和番木瓜幼苗的最佳氮、磷、钾含量配比均为20:10:20，最佳基质相对含水率分别为80%和70%。

关键词: 香蕉, 番木瓜, 水肥耦合, 生长发育, 营养吸收

Abstract:

This experiment analyzed the effects of the coupling of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content ratios and the substrate relative water content on the growth of banana and papaya seedlings, to provide a theoretical basis for the conservation-oriented and precision seedling cultivation. Heeling-in seedlings of ‘Brazil’ banana and ‘Zihui’ papaya were used as experimental materials. Twelve interactive combination treatments (T1-T12) was carried out from four levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content ratio and three levels of the substrate relative water content by two-factor randomized block design method, and the traditional irrigation and fertilization treatment was used as control (CK). Effects of different treatments on plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf SPAD value, leaf area, shoot dry weight, total root length, root surface area, average root diameter and root tip number were studied, and shoot growth indicators were analyzed by PCA comprehensive evaluation. In the experiment on banana seedlings, T6 treatment had the most obvious effect on plant height, leaf area, shoot dry weight, total root length, root surface area and root average diameter. T1 treatment had the largest stem diameter. The leaf number was the largest in T1, T5 and T6 treatments, which were 7.60 leaves. T5 treatment had the highest leaf SPAD value. T7 treatment had the largest root tip number. The order of PCA comprehensive evaluation scores of shoot growth indicators was T6> T5> T1> T2> T10> T3> T9> T7> T11> T12> T4> T8> CK. In the experiment on papaya seedlings, T10 treatment had the most significant effect on plant height, leaf area, leaf number and shoot dry weight. The leaf number and shoot dry weight in T9 treatment were consistent with T10 treatment, and the total root length, root surface area and root tip number were most significantly increased. The leaf SPAD value and the average root diameter were largest in T11 and T2 treatments, respectively. The order of PCA comprehensive evaluation scores of shoot growth indicators was T10> T9> T1> T11> T6> T3> T2> T5> T7> CK> T12> T8> T4. The optimum ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content for cultivating seedlings of banana and papaya was 20:10:20, and the optimum substrate relative water content was 80% and 70%, respectively.

Key words: banana, papaya, water and fertilizer coupling, growth and development, nutrition absorption