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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 81-90.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0623

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

滇中元谋土壤重金属物调查研究及环境评价

徐杰(), 张亚(), 李坪钊, 徐磊, 程琰勋, 文方平   

  1. 中国地质调查局昆明自然资源综合调查中心，昆明 650000
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-26 修回日期:2025-01-19 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-03-25
  • 通讯作者:
    张亚，男，1986年出生，云南大理人，高级工程师，本科，主要从事基础地质、生态地质和土地质量调查等有关工作。通信地址：650000 昆明市西山区春雨路1566号 中国地质调查局昆明自然资源综合调查中心，Tel：0871-63802000，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    徐杰，男，1990年出生，云南楚雄人，工程师，硕士研究生，主要从事基础地质、地球化学和土地质量调查等有关工作。通信地址：650000 昆明市西山区春雨路1566号 中国地质调查局昆明自然资源综合调查中心，Tel：0871-63802000，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    自然资源综合调查指挥中心科技创新课题(KC20230019); 自然资源综合调查指挥中心科技创新课题(KC20240021)

Research on Heavy Metal Sources and Environmental Evaluation of Soil in Yuanmou, Central Yunnan

XU Jie(), ZHANG Ya(), LI Pingzhao, XU Lei, CHENG Yanxun, WEN Fangping   

  1. Natural Resources Comprehensive Investigation Center of China Geological Survey, Kunming 650000
  • Received:2024-09-26 Revised:2025-01-19 Published:2025-03-25 Online:2025-03-25

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摘要：

通过查明元谋县域内重金属元素分布特征，了解当地重金属来源和环境评级情况，客观掌握该地区土壤中所存在的环境问题，为农业发展和环境治理提出科学合理的建议，提高该地区土地管理和环境监测水平。采用传统地球化学与土壤学相结合的方法，采样按照1:250000土地质量地球化学调查有关标准执行。化验分析数据使用SPSS、Excel、GeolPAS.V4.5和ArcGIS10.8等软件进行数据建模、成果集成和图件制作。结果表明：元谋县表层土壤含有重金属元素砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、汞(Hg)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)和锌(Zn)，其中Cd呈表层富集特征，Cd和Hg分异性高于其他元素。Cu总体分布均衡，局部有富集和亏损现象。Cr与Ni呈高度相关，与Pb呈弱负相关性。重金属来源主要有三类：以富Zn和富As为主、以富Cr、Ni和Cu为主和以富Hg为主。表层土壤环境综合等级评价中，无风险区面积为1873 km2，约占92.77%；风险可控区面积为146 km2，约占7.23%，在姜驿乡、黄瓜园镇和平田乡较为集中，其余地区呈零星分布，未见风险较高区域。元谋县重金属元素中，As、Cr、Ni、Pb、Zn分布主要受成土母质控制，Cu和Cd受成土母质、持续风化和人类活动等多因素控制，Hg主要受人类活动控制。环境评级没有风险较高区域，风险可控区主要受Cu和Cd影响，其中Cd风险可控区与农业发展集中区高度吻合，后期需要合理控制相关农药施用并做好监测。Hg在全区均为无风险，但在表层土壤中已出现轻微富集趋向，需做好后期预警以防污染。

关键词: 元谋, 重金属元素, 土地质量, 环境评价

Abstract:

By identifying the distribution characteristics of heavy metal elements in Yuanmou County, we can understand the local heavy metal sources and environmental ratings, objectively grasp the environmental problems existing in the soil in this area, put forward scientific and reasonable suggestions for agricultural development and environmental governance, and improve the level of land management and environmental monitoring in this area. The method of combining traditional geochemistry and soil science was used, and the sampling was carried out according to the relevant standards of 1:250000 land quality geochemical survey. SPSS, Excel, GeolPAS.V4.5, ArcGIS10.8 and other software were used for data modeling, result integration and map production. The results showed that heavy metal elements As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn were existed in the surface soil of Yuanmou County, in which Cd was enriched on the surface, and the anisotropy of Cd and Hg was higher than that of other elements. The overall distribution of Cu was balanced, with local characteristics of enrichment and depletion. Cr was highly correlated with Ni and weakly negatively correlated with Pb. There were three main sources of heavy metals: mainly rich in Zn and As, mainly rich in Cr, Ni and Cu, and mainly rich in Hg. In the comprehensive grade assessment of surface soil environment, the risk-free area was 1873 km2, accounting for 92.77%, and the risk-controlled area was 146 km2, accounting for 7.23%. The area was concentrated in Jiangyi Town, Guanyuan Town and Pingtian Town, and scattered in other areas, with no high risk area. The distribution of heavy metals As, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in Yuanmou County was mainly controlled by the parent material, Cu and Cd were controlled by the parent material, continuous weathering and human activities, and Hg was mainly controlled by human activities. There was no high-risk area in Environmental rating, and the risk controllable areas were mainly affected by Cu and Cd, among which the Cd risk controllable areas were highly consistent with the concentrated areas of agricultural development, and the application of relevant pesticides should be reasonably controlled and monitored in the later stage. Hg wasn’t at risk in the whole region, but there had been a slight enrichment trend in the surface soil, which required a late warning to avoid pollution.

Key words: Yuanmou, heavy metal element, land quality, environmental assessment