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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 1-6.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300158

所属专题: 玉米 烟草种植与生产

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

元谋小春甜玉米蒸发蒸腾规律及影响因素试验研究

张雷(), 黄英, 王树鹏, 王杰, 曹言   

  1. 云南省水利水电科学研究院,昆明 650228
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-02 修回日期:2020-05-09 出版日期:2021-01-05 发布日期:2020-12-25
  • 作者简介:张雷,男,1986年出生,云南建水人,工程师,硕士,研究方向作物节水灌溉试验研究。通信地址:650228 云南省昆明市西山区新闻路下段五家堆省水科院,E-mail:leechaersi@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    云南省重点新产品开发计划项目“滇中高原特色节水农业水肥高效利用技术研究与示范”(2015BB019);珠江委水科院支撑项目“云南省典型灌区主要作物灌溉定额研究”(2018530117000853);云南省省级水资源费项目“区域作物需水与用水定额测算”(201902)

Experimental Study on Evapotranspiration and Influence Factors of Winter Sweet Maize in Yuanmou

Zhang Lei(), Huang Ying, Wang Shupeng, Wang Jie, Cao Yan   

  1. Yunnan Institute of Water Resource and Hydropower Research, Kunming 650228
  • Received:2020-03-02 Revised:2020-05-09 Online:2021-01-05 Published:2020-12-25

摘要:

为指导甜玉米科学灌溉,在云南省元谋县开展了膜下滴灌条件下小春甜玉米生长季蒸发蒸腾规律及其影响因素试验研究。试验根据实时监测甜玉米生育期根系层内土壤水分和试验区域气象因素状况,分析甜玉米生育期土壤水分动态变化过程和不同生育期根系吸水深度,研究甜玉米生育期蒸发蒸腾量规律及其影响因素。结果表明,苗期至灌浆乳熟期甜玉米根系不断向下生长,主要吸水深度从20 cm增加到60 cm。甜玉米全生育期117天,蒸发蒸腾量为184.2 mm,蒸发蒸腾强度为1.6 mm/d。甜玉米各生育期蒸发蒸腾强度呈现抽雄吐丝期最大,灌浆乳熟期和拔节期次之,苗期最小的规律。甜玉米日蒸发蒸腾量与日照时数、日最高气温、日最低气温、日平均气温呈显著正相关,与日均相对湿度呈显著负相关,主要受气温、日照和相对湿度的影响。甜玉米耗水关键期为抽雄吐丝和灌浆乳熟期,小春甜玉米生长期长,期间降雨量少,需要根据土壤墒情适时补充灌溉。

关键词: 元谋, 甜玉米, 蒸发蒸腾量, SPSS, 相关系数

Abstract:

To guide scientific irrigation of sweet maize, the experiment on evapotranspiration and influence factors of fresh sweet maize irrigated by drip irrigation under film was conducted in Yuanmou of Yunnan, based on real-time monitoring of the moisture content and meteorological factors. The results showed that the depth of wetting layer from seedling stage to filling stage increased from 20 cm to 60 cm. The growing season of sweet maize was 117 days and the evapotranspiration was 184.2 mm, the evapotranspiration intensity was 1.6 mm/d under drip irrigation in the whole growth period of sweet maize. The daily evapotranspiration intensity in tasseling stage was the highest, followed by that in filling stage and jointing stage, and that in seedling stage was the smallest. The evapotranspiration of sweet maize was significantly and positively correlated with sunshine duration, daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature and daily average temperature, and significantly and negatively correlated with daily relative humidity. In conclusion, the daily evapotranspiration of sweet maize is mainly affected by temperature, sunshine and relative humidity, the critical period of water requirement is tasseling stage and filling stage, and since the growth period of winter sweet maize is longer than others, so supplementary irrigation is needed when the rainfall is limited.

Key words: Yuanmou, sweet maize, evapotranspiration, SPSS, correlation coefficient

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