欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (24): 28-33.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800514

所属专题： 玉米

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

甜玉米不同采收期籽粒品质性状研究

卢柏山(), 董会, 徐丽, 史亚兴(), 赵久然(), 樊艳丽, 俞嫒年   

  1. 北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心/玉米DNA指纹及分子育种北京市重点实验室,北京 100097
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-09 修回日期:2019-10-17 出版日期:2020-08-25 发布日期:2020-08-20
  • 通讯作者: 史亚兴,赵久然
  • 作者简介:卢柏山,男,1972年出生,北京平谷人,推广研究员,主要从事鲜食玉米育种及品质研究。通信地址：100097 北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心,Tel：010-51503562,E-mail：maizelu@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    北京市农林科学院协同创新中心建设项目“基因组学育种协同创新中心”(KJCX201907-2);北京市粮经作物产业创新团队“2019年粮经作物创新团队鲜食玉米育种岗位专家”(BAIC09-2019)

Changes of Grain Quality Characters of Sweet Maize at Different Harvesting Periods

Lu Baishan(), Dong Hui, Xu Li, Shi Yaxing(), Zhao Jiuran(), Fan Yanli, Yu Ainian   

  1. Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097
  • Received:2019-08-09 Revised:2019-10-17 Online:2020-08-25 Published:2020-08-20
  • Contact: Shi Yaxing,Zhao Jiuran

RichHTML

6

PDF (PC)

55

摘要：

为研究不同采收期甜玉米品质性状的变化,以7个国内生产主推甜玉米品种为研究材料,设置授粉后15、18、21、24、27、30天共计6个采收期,动态监测甜玉米籽粒含水率、果皮厚度和糖组分等指标。结果表明：（1）参试甜玉米品种的籽粒含水率在授粉后15~30天呈下降趋势,其籽粒含水率变幅为80.09%~68.76%。不同甜玉米品种间籽粒含水率的平均下降速率各异。‘京科甜608’、‘京科甜533’和‘中农大甜413’籽粒含水率下降速率相对缓慢。（2）参试甜玉米品种果皮厚度随授粉后天数增加呈先升高后降低的单峰变化趋势,峰值出现在授粉后21天左右。不同品种间籽粒平均果皮厚度以‘京科甜608’和‘米哥’最低,为78.40 μm;‘中农大甜413’最高,为91.63 μm。（3）参试甜玉米品种籽粒中葡萄糖和果糖含量在授粉后15~30天呈降低趋势,‘京科甜533’、‘京科甜183’、‘京科甜608’葡萄糖和果糖含量在授粉后15~24天相对较高。蔗糖和山梨醇含量随授粉后天数增加呈先升高后降低趋势,在授粉后21~30天,蔗糖含量以‘京科甜158’和‘米哥’含量相对较高。籽粒发育初期（授粉后21天之前）,籽粒中以果糖和葡萄糖为主,之后蔗糖逐渐增加。不同品种间,‘京科甜533’、‘京科甜183’、‘中农大甜413’和‘京科甜608’籽粒中总糖含量均高于‘米哥’,其籽粒中糖组分主要以果糖和葡萄糖等还原性糖为主,而蔗糖含量相对较低。

关键词: 采收期, 甜玉米, 品质性状, 糖组分, 含水量

Abstract:

Seven main sweet maize varieties in China were used as research materials, and six harvesting periods were set up at 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 d after pollination to study the effect of different harvesting periods on the quality traits of sweet maize. The water content, pericarp thickness and sugar composition in sweet corn were monitored dynamically. The results showed that: (1) grain moisture content of the tested sweet maize varieties decreased at 15-30 d after pollination, the change ranging from 80.09% to 68.76%; the grain water content of ‘Jingketian 608’, ‘Jingketian 533’ and ‘Zhongnongdatian 413’ decreased slowly; (2) the pericarp thickness of sweet maize varieties increased first and then decreased with the time after pollination, and the peak appeared about 21 days after pollination; the average pericarp thickness of ‘Zhongnongdatian 413’ was the highest among the tested varieties, 91.63 μm, and that of ‘Jingketian 608’ and ‘Mige’ were the lowest, 78.40 μm; (3) the content of glucose and fructose in the grains decreased at 15-30 d after pollination, the content of glucose and fructose of ‘Jingketian 533’, ‘Jingketian 183’ and ‘Jingketian 608’ were relatively high at 15-24 d after pollination; the sucrose and sorbitol content increased first and then decreased with the time after the pollination, the sucrose content of ‘Jingketian 158’ and ‘Mige’ were relatively high among different varieties at 21-30 d after pollination. At the grain early development stage (before 21 days after pollination), fructose and glucose were the main sugars in grains, and then sucrose gradually increased. Among different varieties, the total sugar content of ‘Jingketian 533’, ‘Jingketian 183’, ‘Zhongnongdatian 413’ and ‘Jingketian 608’ were higher than that of ‘Mige’. The main sugar components were fructose and glucose, while the sucrose content was relatively low.

Key words: harvest date, sweet maize, quality traits, sugar component, water content

中图分类号: