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中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (32): 55-62.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1098

所属专题: 小麦

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄土高原半干旱区春小麦产量变动的影响因子分析

雷俊1,2(), 赵福年1, 卢国阳3(), 姚瑞2, 牛海洋2, 李文举2, 杨蕙宁2   

  1. 1中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,兰州 730020
    2定西市气象局,甘肃定西 743000
    3兰州区域气候中心,兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-16 修回日期:2022-02-08 出版日期:2022-11-15 发布日期:2022-11-09
  • 通讯作者: 卢国阳
  • 作者简介:雷俊,男,1985年出生,甘肃通渭人,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事农业气象试验方面的研究。通信地址:743000 甘肃省定西市安定区气象新村50号,Tel:0932-8223247,E-mail: 75267630@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“半干旱区春小麦干旱解除的降雨调控机制”(41775107);“典型半干旱雨养区降雨过程对马铃薯农田干旱的解除效应及其调控机制”(41975151);中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所科研创新项目“土壤-植被-大气相互作用研究”(GHSCXTD-03);甘肃省气象局科研项目“气候变暖背景下半干旱区马铃薯生理生态特性对降水变化的响应”(2122rczx-英才计划-06);“半干旱雨养春小麦产量波动的环境影响机制分析”(GSMArc2019-12);甘肃省科技厅创新基地及人才计划项目“干旱灾害形成机理及其风险预警”(20JR5RA121)

Environmental Factors Influencing Spring Wheat Yield in Semi-arid Region of Loess Plateau

LEI Jun1,2(), ZHAO Funian1, LU Guoyang3(), YAO Rui2, NIU Haiyang2, LI Wenju2, YANG Huining2   

  1. 1Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Lanzhou 730020
    2Dingxi Meteorological Bureau, Dingxi, Gansu 743000
    3Lanzhou Reginal Climate Center, Lanzhou 730020
  • Received:2021-11-16 Revised:2022-02-08 Online:2022-11-15 Published:2022-11-09
  • Contact: LU Guoyang

摘要:

为揭示影响半干旱区春小麦产量波动的环境因子,依据甘肃省定西市农业气象试验站1987—2011年春小麦农业气象观测资料以及文献收集(1993—2013年)获得的春小麦耗水量与产量关系资料,分析了影响黄土高原半干旱区春小麦产量变动的环境因子。结果表明:春小麦产量与5月及主要生育期蒸发量与降水量差呈极显著的负相关关系,且负相关关系受播前土壤含水量的影响,播前土壤水分含量越大,在相同大气蒸发力条件下,春小麦产量越高,反之亦然。春小麦产量与5月份降水量以及播前土壤含水量呈正相关关系,降水量相同,播前土壤水分含量越大,产量越高,在相同土壤含水量条件下,主要生育期大气越干燥,产量越低。有效供水量可以解释60.4%的产量变率,耗水量可解释93.4%的产量变率,温度并不会对研究区春小麦产量变动造成直接影响,其通过空气饱和差影响产量形成。

关键词: 降水量, 播前土壤含水量, 蒸发皿蒸发量, 温度, 空气饱和差

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of environmental factors on spring wheat yield in the semi-arid region, the correlation between environmental factors and spring wheat yield was analyzed based on the long-term data (1987—2011) from agrometeorological observation station in Dingxi of Gansu Province. Meanwhile, data about the correlation between water consumption and yield of spring wheat of the study area(1993—2013)were also collected from literature. The results showed that there was a significantly negative correlation between spring wheat yield and the difference between evaporation and precipitation in May and main growth periods. However, the negative correlation was influenced by the soil water content before sowing. The greater the soil water content before sowing, the higher the spring wheat yield was under the same atmospheric evaporation condition, and vice versa. The spring wheat yield had a positive correlation with the precipitation in May and the soil water content before sowing. Under the same precipitation amount, the higher the soil water content before sowing, the higher the spring wheat yield was. Under the same soil water content, the drier the atmosphere in main wheat growth periods, the lower the wheat yield was. The effective water supply could explain 60.4% of the yield variation, and the water consumption could explain 93.4% of the yield variation. Furthermore, the temperature had no direct impact on the spring wheat yield in the study area, but it might affect the spring wheat yield formation through air saturation deficit.

Key words: precipitation, soil water content before sowing, pan evaporation, temperature, air saturation deficit

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