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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 91-98.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0605

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机改良剂配合适度深耕对丘陵复垦稻田生产力提升效果

汪峰(), 朱诗君, 应虹, 柴伟纲, 戴瑶璐, 袁晴, 金树权()   

  1. 宁波市农业科学研究院 宁波市特色农产品质量安全检测与控制重点实验室，浙江宁波 315040
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-14 修回日期:2025-01-18 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-03-25
  • 通讯作者:
    金树权，男，1981年出生，浙江嵊州人，研究员，博士，研究方向：农业资源利用。通信地址：315040 浙江省宁波市鄞州区德厚街19号，Tel：0574-89184035，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    汪峰，男，1982年出生，安徽潜山人，副研究员，博士，研究方向：土壤改良与作物养分高效利用。通信地址：315040 浙江省宁波市鄞州区德厚街19号，Tel：0574-89184036，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    宁波市科技创新2025重大专项“非粮化耕地和中低产田产能提升综合技术模式与应用”(2022Z169); 复耕土壤耕作层快速重构技术研究与应用(2023Z114)

Effect of Organic Amendment Combined with Moderate Deep Ploughing on Productivity Improvement of Hilly Reclaimed Rice Field

WANG Feng(), ZHU Shijun, YING Hong, CHAI Weigang, DAI Yaolu, YUAN Qing, JIN Shuquan()   

  1. Ningbo Key Laboratory of Testing and Control for Characteristic Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040
  • Received:2024-09-14 Revised:2025-01-18 Published:2025-03-25 Online:2025-03-25

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摘要：

为解决现有“非粮化”复垦耕地改良技术成本高、区域适宜性差等现实问题，本研究在浙东丘陵地区典型“非粮化”复垦稻田中设置田间小区试验，分析不同有机改良剂组合（T1：生物炭基肥、T2：生化黄腐酸钾、T3：商品有机肥+生物炭基肥、T4：商品有机肥+生化黄腐酸钾）和耕作深度（D：20 cm深耕、S：15 cm浅耕）对耕层土壤性质、水稻产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明：施用不同改良剂均能显著提升水稻产量，其中T4和T3增产效果最佳，尤其是在配合深耕条件下，较对照(S-CK)可增产3.7 t/hm2 (48.8%)和3.4 t/hm2 (44.5%)，当季的增产效益达2391~3101元/hm2；深耕导致土壤pH平均下降0.2个单位，但大幅提升了土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和CEC，其中D-T4和D-T3土壤有机质较S-CK分别增加11.5%和11.3%。通过相关分析发现，水稻产量和农艺性状（有效穗、穗长、每穗粒数、结实率）和土壤肥力指标（有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和CEC）呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。因此，利用有机肥复配“生物炭基肥”或“生化黄腐酸钾”作为改良材料，配合适度的机械深耕，可以同步实现耕层重构和定向培肥，提高复垦区土壤改良的效率，该技术在丘陵“非粮化”复垦稻田中具有较大的推广潜力。

关键词: “非粮化”耕地, 耕层重构, 耕作深度, 土壤改良剂, 水稻产量

Abstract:

To solve the practical problems in the existing “non-grain” cultivated land improvement technology, such as high cost and poor regional suitability, a field experiment was carried out in the typical “non-grain” reclaimed rice field in the hilly area of eastern Zhejiang Province. The effects of different organic amendments and combinations (T1: biochar based fertilizer, T2: potassium fulvic acid, T3: organic fertilizer + biochar based fertilizer, T4: organic fertilizer + potassium fulvic acid), and tillage depth (D: deep tillage with 20 cm, S: shallow tillage with 15 cm) on topsoil properties, rice yield and economic benefits were analyzed. The results showed that the application of different organic amendments could significantly increase the yield of rice, among which T4 and T3 had the best effects, especially under the condition of deep ploughing. Compared with the conventional control (S-CK), they could increase the yield by 3.7 t/hm2 (48.8%) and 3.4 t/hm2 (44.5%) respectively, and the economic benefit reached 2391-3101 yuan/hm2 in the current season. Deep ploughing decreased soil pH by 0.2 units on average, but significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), alkali-hydro nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Among them, the SOM in D-T4 and D-T3 increased by 11.5% and 11.3%, respectively, compared with S-CK. The correlation analysis showed that rice yield was significantly positively correlated with agronomic characters (effective panicle, panicle length, spikelet per panicle and seed setting rate) and soil fertility indexes (SOM, TN, AN, AP, AK and CEC) (P<0.01). Therefore, the organic amendments combinations of organic fertilizer and biochar based fertilizer or potassium fulvic acid, with moderate mechanical deep ploughing, can simultaneously achieve tillage layer reconstruction and directional fertilizer cultivation, and promote soil improvement efficiency in reclamation area. This technology has great potential to be popularized in the “non-grain” reclaimed rice field in hilly areas.

Key words: “non-grain” cultivated land, tillage layer reconstruction, tillage depth, soil amendment, rice yield